Introduction to the Asteraceae Family

Welcome to the Asteraceae, or sunflower family, currently the largest plant family in the world! The Asteraceae, formerly known as the Compositae family, are named after their unique composite flowers that normally look like a single flower when, in fact, they may contain hundreds of disc and ray florets in a single “flower.”

I have always found the Asteraceae to be a fascinating family, super easy to identify at the family level with those composite heads, but they can be more challenging in the field, so much so that we may use phrases like “JAFYA” (just another freaking yellow aster) to describe unknowns we see at a glance before we have a chance to dig deeper, like those “LBMs” (little brown mushrooms) we see amongst mushroom circles. Now, don’t let that scare you; the Asteraceae are a fascinating family, especially on the American continent, where entire tribes, larger than many plant families, are either endemic or strongly concentrated. We even have almost all of the most basal lineages of the Asteraceae, primarily in South America, but we also have one in North America (the Hecastocleidoideae), which possesses unique ancestral characters not found in most Asteraceae.

Common Botanical Description of the Asteraceae

If you’re new to plant morphology, this easy guide is a perfect beginner’s description for learning to identify the Asteraceae family, with no need to know any scientific jargon. This is fantastic news for newbies since I have joked (seriously, though) about creating a botanists’ thesaurus because of all the different words used to describe the same feature! So I try to cut through the chase and keep it simple.

Below this section is additional information on uses and wildlife values of the Asteraceae, as well as morphology photos to help you identify the family. This is followed by select pictures of individual species of the Asteraceae family, organized by subfamilies and tribes, that I have found in North America, to show you representatives of what the Asteraceae look like, at least in North America, where I have explored them.

For researchers or those wanting to learn a more in-depth version, refer to the Scientific Botanical Description below the images for highly detailed scientific descriptions of the Asteraceae and genus-level distribution data on the Asteraceae family throughout the Americas, from Arctic Canada to the tip of South America.

Leaves and Stems of the Asteraceae:

The Asteraceae are mostly perennial and annual herbs, sometimes biennial, but they also include fairly common shrubs and subshrubs and, less often, trees and vines. They often have leaves that are alternately arranged, but some are in opposite pairs, and whorled arrangements are rare. Leaves are often well-developed and may be entire or variously divided with entire or variously toothed margins. Plants usually possess hairs, which come in a wide variety of forms. The leaves may show resin dots.

Flowers of the Asteraceae:

All Asteraceae have unique compound flower heads that appear to be a single flower but, upon closer inspection, are made of several to hundreds of small ray florets that look like petals and small tubular disc florets that are often tightly packed in the center, which are known as radiate heads. However, some flowers are made only of ray florets (ligulate), while others are made only of disc florets (discoid). Flowers are usually made of 5 parts when you get down to the individual floret size, but their parts are fused and very small and may require a hand lens to see.

Instead of a normal calyx of sepals, Asteraceae possess bracts on their floral receptacle, which sometimes look very sepal-like but other times appear as overlapping layers (series) of small bracts that are often pressed tightly against the receptacle.

Reproductive Features of the Asteraceae:

All members have 3-5 stamens, all fertile. The stamens are often quite short, with the anthers appearing fused, almost always forming a tube around the style, and usually bearing modified features (appendages).

The ovary is always inferior, attached below the point where the petals attach, and there are almost always 2 fused chambers (carpels) in the ovary, with typically 2 styles that are partially joined and arise from the top of the ovary. There is always one ovule (~egg) per cavity.

Fruits of the Asteraceae:

Asteraceae fruits are easy to identify since they are almost always non-fleshy cypselae, which are small, hard fruits with one seed (sometimes incorrectly referred to as achenes—think sunflower seed). That seed usually, but not always, has a cluster of hairy bristles (pappus) attached to one end for wind dispersal, but some may have no pappus (like sunflower seeds).

Uses of the Asteraceae

Some of the foods we eat every day come from the Asteraceae family, including Lactuca (lettuce), Cynara (globe artichoke), Cichorium (chicory and endive), Tragopogon (salsify), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacón), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower oil), and Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke).

We also get powerful natural insecticides from the Asteraceae, known as “pyrethrum,” which comes from Tanacetum cinerariifolium. We also get a safflower dye from Carthamus.

Numerous herbs, both medicinal and culinary, also come from the Asteraceae family. Chamomile comes from Matricaria chamomilla (German chamomile) and Chamaemelum nobile (Roman chamomile). Calendula (marigold) is grown commercially for herbal teas, herbal salves, home remedies, and potpourri. Echinacea is widely used as a medicinal tea. We also use Artemisia in absinthe (A. absinthium) and tarragon (A. dracunculus), but we also use Tagetes lucida, another Asteraceae, as a winter tarragon in climates where the other won’t survive.

Then we have the countless hundreds of genera used as ornamentals, like the Heliantheae (sunflower) tribe, but also genera like Chrysanthemum, Argyranthemum, Calendula, Dahlia, Gerbera, Dendranthema, Tagetes, Zinnia, and more.

Finally, the Asteraceae are also some of our common agricultural, lawn (Taraxacum!), and landscape weeds and Ambrosia and others of its tribe, which are notorious hay fever plants.

Ecosystem and Wildlife Values of Asteraceae

The Asteraceae are among the most important plant families for wildlife because their flower heads act like pollinator platforms, providing abundant, easily accessible nectar and pollen from sometimes hundreds of tiny florets grouped into one place for efficiently collecting nectar from multiple flowers in a single visit. That feature is quite likely why the Asteraceae have been so incredibly successful ecologically. Many Asteraceae species are also late bloomers, providing valuable nectar for pollinators when other resources become more scarce.

Asteraceae fruits, often called cypselae or achenes, are regularly eaten by birds and small mammals (and people!), while the leaves and stems support a wide range of herbivorous insects, including many butterfly and moth larvae, but also small and large animals.

Ecologically, members of the Asteraceae are crucial in helping stabilize soils, colonizing disturbed habitats, and providing structure in grasslands, deserts, wetlands, alpine meadows, forests, and coastal systems. Some Asteraceae species are early successional plants that quickly occupy bare or disturbed ground, while others are long-lived components of stable native plant communities. Because the family includes annuals, perennials, shrubs, vines, trees, and cushion plants, Asteraceae participate in ecosystem functions in nearly every major terrestrial habitat on the planet.

General Morphology of Asteraceae in North America

Composite Flower Head Morphology of Asteraceae in North America

First, here is some general composite flower morphology, and I have a dissection photo for you below.

Next, here is a photo of a cross section of the composite head so you can see what it looks like. This is a photo I took of Silphium laciniatum in Kansas, and AI was used to add the labels—so much faster than doing it myself!

Some Species of Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily Found in North America

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Anthemideae Tribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Astereae Tribe: Chaetopappinae Subtribe

Since the Asteraeae tribe is so massive, here I have given one representative member from each subtribe that I have photographed to give you a broad overview of the tribe as a whole.

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Astereae Tribe: Chrysopsidinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Astereae Tribe: Conyzinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Astereae Tribe: Gutierreziinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Astereae Tribe: Machaerantherinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Astereae Tribe: Pentachaetinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Astereae Tribe: Solidagininae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Astereae Tribe: Symphyotrichinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Bahieae Tribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Coreopsideae Tribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Eupatorieae Tribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Gnaphalieae Tribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Helenieae Tribe: Gaillardiinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Helenieae Tribe: Tetraneurinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Heliantheae Tribe: Ambrosiinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Heliantheae Tribe: Rudbeckiinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Madieae Tribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Millerieae Tribe: Melampodiinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Senecioneae Tribe: Senecioninae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily: Tageteae Tribe

Some Species of the Carduoideae Subfamily in North America

Asteraceae: Carduoideae Subfamily: Cardueae Tribe: Carduinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Carduoideae Subfamily: Cardueae Tribe: Carduinae Subtribe: Centaureinae Subtribe

Some Species of Asteraceae: Cichorioideae Subfamily Found in North America

Asteraceae: Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Cichorineae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hieraciinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Lactucinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Microseridinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Scorzonerinae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Mutisioideae Subfamily: Nassauvieae Subtribe

Asteraceae: Vernonioideae Subfamily: Vernonieae Tribe

Scientific Botanical Description of the Asteraceae Family

Habit & Leaf Form of the Asteraceae Family

The Asteraceae consist mostly of perennial, biennial, and annual herbs, but sometimes they also come in tree, arborescent, shrub, or vine form, which may be the standard form in certain tribes or subtribes. Plants may be normal, but some are switch plants, and others are succulents. They are helophytic, mesophytic, or xerophytic, or rarely they are rooted hydrophytes (e.g., some Bidens, Cotula).

The Asteraceae are often laticiferous, nearly always in Cichorioideae, but they may be non-laticiferous without colored juice, as in almost all Asteroideae. They might have essential oils or resins but may not. Plants often grow from a taproot, but some species have fibrous root systems, and some form caudices or rhizomes.  

Herbaceous stems are aerial, branched, and cylindrical, generally erect and self-supporting but can be prostrate or ascending or, rarely, climbing; they have glandular hairs. 

Asteraceae leaves may be well-developed or sometimes are much reduced, and they often form a basal aggregation. Leaves usually lack stipules. Leaves of hydrophytes are both submerged and emergent. Leaves are usually arranged in an alternate spiral but may occasionally be opposite or whorled. They are herbaceous, leathery, fleshy, membranous, or modified into spines and are petiolate to sessile. They may be sheathing when present margins are free. Leaves may be gland-dotted and may be aromatic, fetid, or odorless. The leaves are simple or compound from primordial lobes and are sometimes peltate.  

The leaf lamina may be entire or dissected, pinnatifid, palmatifid, runcinate, or spinose. Lamina margins are entire, crenate, serrate, or dentate and may be flat, revolute, or involute. Domatia (pits) are seen in Vernonia. Leaf lamina is variously dorsiventral (usually), bifacial, or centric. Stomata is usually anomocytic or anisocytic. Hairs are usually present and appear exclusively multicellular, uniseriate or multiseriate, branched, or simple. They often lack glands and display diverse types of shaggy, candelabra-like, bladder-like, or peltate scales or may have glandular hairs with uniseriate or multiseriate stalks and unicellular or multicellular heads, sometimes depressed below the leaf surface, resulting in pellucid dots and sometimes laticiferous. Lamina usually has secretory cavities with resins or latex. The mesophyll may or may not have crystals.

Flowers of the Asteraceae Family

Plants come in a wide variety of sexual forms, including gynomonoecious (usually with hermaphrodite disc florets and female ray florets), hermaphrodite, monoecious, dioecious, and rarely androdioecious, gynodioecious, or polygamonomoecious. Pollination is mostly entomophilous but is also anemophilous, especially in the hay fever plants of the Anthemideae tribe. The pollination mechanism is conspicuously specialized via stylar modification with active presentation or with irritable stamens in the Cynareae. However, anemophilous forms are unspecialized.

Asteraceae have unique inflorescences that are nearly always pseudanthial indeterminate composite heads except when primary heads are reduced to single florets and are grouped into secondary heads (e.g., Echinops). They may have radiate heads (both ligulate/ray and disc flowers) or either ligulate or disc florets (discoid heads) and often have involucral bracts that often resemble a calyx, especially when bracts are only present in one series. 

Ligulate (ray) florets vary in number in radiate heads but may be absent altogether in species like the Carduoideae with disciform heads. Other species (like dandelions) have only ray florets, but all are still composite flowers attached to a pitted disc. 

Flowers are bracteate (bracts forming an involucre in one to several series), individually minute to small, regular to very irregular (those in each head are all alike and ligulate zygomorphic (Cichorioideae)), variously all tubular actinomorphic (in Asteroideae), or combining central actinomorphic and marginal ray florets. Flowers are 5(4)-merous and tricyclic or tetracyclic. 

The perianth usually has a distinct calyx and corolla or may be petaline (the calyx is sometimes absent in Ambrosia and relatives), made of 3–35 (rarely fewer) parts in 1 or 2 whorls. 

A calyx, when present, is made of 2–30 parts (rarely 1) but is usually represented by scales, awns, or bristles in 1 whorl. It is often accrescent, becoming the pappus, but occasionally it does not persist. 

Corolla 1–3 on ligulate florets or 5(4) on disc florets, always in 1 whorl. It is connate, and ligulate florets are usually fused and lie on their side to look like a single “petal” with 3(2) lobes. It is valvate and may be unequal, regular, or bilabiate (in Mutisieae).

Androecium of the Asteraceae Family

The androecium is made of 3–5 all fertile members in 1 whorl, adnate to the corolla tube, alternating with the lobes, and opposite the sepals; they are coherent. Stamens are short and filamentous with anthers cohering, almost always forming a tube around the style with a few exceptions in anemophilous Anthemideae. Anthers are basifixed, dehiscing via longitudinal slits, and are tetrasporangiate or occasionally bisporangiate. Anthers are usually appendaged apically or sometimes also basal.

Asteraceae members typically produce bisexual flowers, especially the disc florets, which have both male parts (stamens) and female parts (ovary, style, stigma) in the same flower.

Gynoecium of the Asteraceae Family

The gynoecium is 2-carpeled, the pistil 1-celled, and the ovary 1-locular. It is median, synovarious to synstylovarious, and is always inferior. An epigynous disk is usually present around the base of the 2 styles. Styles are partially joined and attenuate from the ovary. There are 2 stigmas that are dry type, papillate, and Group II type. Placentation is always basal with 1 ovule per cavity that is ascending, non-arillate, anatropous, unitegmic, and tenuinucellate.  

Fruit of the Asteraceae Family

The fruits are almost always non-fleshy, indehiscent cypselas, but occasionally they can be a drupe. The dispersal unit is typically via the remaining hairy pappus that carries the cypsela in the wind. 

Seeds are non-endospermic or very thin. They may be oval, flat, or rounded and are typically straw, brown, or nearly black in color.  

Taxonomy of the Asteraceae Family

The Asteraceae is currently the largest plant family in the world, with the Orchidaceae as a close second, although the latter has often been first, depending on the progress of new species descriptions by scientists. The Asteraceae currently has at least 25,040 species in 1,610 genera of the Asterales order, within the core eudicot clade. We have it broken into 16 subfamilies as follows:

1. Asteroideae is the largest subfamily of Asteraceae, containing ~70% of the family’s species found worldwide. Members are typically characterized by radiate flower heads with three-lobed, usually female ray florets, bisexual disc florets, and distinctive style branches with stigmatic bands terminating in sterile appendages with sweeping hairs. However, some members do have discoid or disciform heads, and occasionally the ray florets are sterile. Here we will break the subfamily into its 22 currently accepted tribes to make them more manageable. Note that each tribe is further broken down into subtribes, but my goal here is to give a thorough overview and not get too ‘stuck in the weeds,’ so to speak.
2. Barnadesioideae are the earliest diverging lineage of the Asteraceae and retain several ancestral characteristics. They are perennial herbs, shrubs, or trees possessing tracheids with bordered pits and bicellular hairs. Leaves are alternate and entire, the receptacle is flat and pilose, and the phyllaries are often colored. Cypselas are often ribbed and usually villous, with various pappus hairs. It is endemic to South America.
3. Carduoideae is the thistle subfamily of the Asteraceae, found nearly worldwide but mostly concentrated around the Mediterranean Basin, southern Africa, and southwestern Asia, although some members are native to the Americas. It is a large and diverse subfamily of annual and perennial herbs or shrubs to small trees, often recognizable by their spiny leaves and involucral bracts (although some are unarmed) and exclusively discoid flower heads made of tubular florets (no ray florets). The style branches typically bear sweeping hairs, and the cypselae usually carry a well-developed pappus of scales or bristles for wind dispersal. The subfamily is divided here into two tribes after the transfer of the Oldenburgieae and Dicomeae tribes to the new Dicomoideae subfamily based on modern molecular phylogenetics.
4. Chicorioideae, or the chicory subfamily, is a distinctive subfamily of the Asteraceae with a single tribe, the Cichorieae. All have white latex, and almost all have flower heads with 5-dentate, mostly yellow, ligulate, bisexual flowers (ray florets only). Most members have alternate leaves, often in basal rosettes, and cypselae with a persistent pappus of bristles, scales, or both, used for wind dispersal. The subfamily consists of about 1,800 sexually reproducing species plus thousands of apomictic microspecies, so species numbers here are often approximate and do not include apomictic microspecies. The subfamily shows the greatest diversity in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, especially Eurasia and the Mediterranean, but it is also well represented in the Americas. While their ligulate flowers and white latex make them easy to recognize, extensive parallel evolution has caused instabilities in classification. This classification follows the subtribal classification as maintained by the International Cichorieae Network, which reflects the latest molecular phylogenetic research. Thus, not all my classifications will agree with older sources, but I try to use the most up-to-date ones. For further clarity, we break into subtribes to enable meaningful comparisons.
5. Dicomoideae was recently transferred from Carduoideae as a separate subfamily of the Asteraceae, restricted to Africa and Madagascar. They are perennial herbs, shrubs, and small trees with alternate and often densely hairy or leathery leaves adapted to dry habitats and are mostly armed with spines or thorn-like branches. Flower heads are discoid, and the involucral bracts are often rigid or spiny. Cypselae generally have a pappus of rough or feathery bristles for wind dispersal.  
6. Famatinanthoideae is a monospecific early-diverging Asteraceae subfamily (Famatinanthus decussatus) found in Andean Argentina. It is a small shrub with a clasping petiole, phyllaries in 3 series, and a head made of bilabiate ray florets.
7. Gochnatioideae is a small, early-diverging Asteraceae subfamily with a center of diversity in South America and significant additional diversity in the Caribbean and north into the southern United States. It consists of shrubs, small trees, and some perennial herbs. Members have alternate leaves, usually solitary or few-headed capitula, and short, rounded style branches that are glabrous on the back, a distinctive feature separating them from several related subfamilies. Flower heads are usually discoid, but some possess peripheral female florets that produce a radiate appearance.
8. Gymnarrhenoideae is a small, early-diverging Asteraceae subfamily with a highly disjunct geographical and ecological distribution from the deserts of North Africa and the Middle East to the alpine habitats of the Himalayas. It consists of one annual and one perennial herb, which both have dimorphic capitula, functionally unisexual florets, and basal leaf rosettes.
9. Hecastocleidoideae is another small, early-diverging Asteraceae subfamily, but it’s endemic to the arid mountains of the southwestern United States, where it grows on desert scrub and pinyon-juniper woodlands. It consists of only a single species of spiny, drought-adapted shrub with rigid, spine-tipped leaves, unusual clusters of single-flowered capitula, and deeply lobed, bisexual florets, with cypselae having a reduced pappus of unequal scales.
10. Multisoideae are more or less shrubby Asteraceae plants mostly from South America, although a few genera have spread to nearly every continent. Members are mostly herbs with deeply lobed disc florets, tailed anthers, and prominently exserted, mostly hairless styles, but some species are vines, shrubs, or small trees.
11. Pertyoideae is a small Asteraceae subfamily restricted to Asia made of perennial herbs, subshrubs, and shrubs with alternate or basal leaves, solitary or few-headed capitula, and florets with deeply divided but weakly bilabiate corollas. Members possess short, often hairy or papillose style branches, and cypselae have a persistent pappus of bristles or scales.
12. Stifftioideae is a small South American Asteraceae subfamily of mostly shrubs and small trees with a few perennial herbs with alternate leaves. Flowers are large, discoid capitula made of tubular bisexual florets and long, deeply divided corollas that are often brightly colored for pollination by birds or large insects. The 10-ribbed cypselae typically have a persistent plumose pappus for wind dispersal.
13. Vernonioideae is a large and diverse subfamily of Asteraceae, centered in tropical and subtropical regions, with major centers of diversity in tropical and southern Africa, the tropical Andes, Brazil, Madagascar, and parts of tropical Asia. Members include annual and perennial herbs, shrubs, trees, and climbing plants, with most having alternate leaves and discoid heads made of tubular bisexual florets in purple, pink, lavender, white, yellow, or orange depending on the tribe, and the cypselae typically have a persistent pappus of capillary, scabrid, or bristly hairs. Here we break the Vernonioideae subfamily into its six currently accepted tribes.
14. Wunderlichioideae is another small early diverging Asteraceae subfamily with an interesting disjunct distribution from the Guiana Highlands and eastern Brazil to eastern Asia. They are mostly shrubs and small trees with alternate leaves, with a few perennial herbs adapted to seasonally dry or montane environments. Members have discoid capitula made of tubular bisexual florets, glabrous style branches, and cypselae with a pappus of numerous bristles.

Genera of the Asteraceae Family:

Asteroideae Subfamily: Anthemideae Tribe:

The Anthemideae is an Asteraceae tribe with primary centers of diversity in the Mediterranean, Asia, and southern Africa and includes familiar members commonly called “chamomile,” among others. It is also widespread from North to South America, but with much less diversity. Members are typically annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs that are often very aromatic from abundant essential oils. Leaves are often finely divided or dissected. Flowers are radiate or discoid, with receptacles that bear scales or become conical in fruit. The cypselae usually lack a pappus or have a reduced crown.  

Achillea (141), Adenanthellum (1), Adenoglossa (1), Ajania (44), Allardia (9), Anacyclus (9), Anthemis (166), Arctanthemum (2), Argyranthemum (23), Artemisia (515), Athanasia (41), Brachanthemum (10), Brocchia (1), Cancrinia (5), Cancriniella (1), Castrilanthemum (1), Chamaemelum (2), Chlamydophora (1), Chrysanthemum (34), Chrysanthoglossum (2), Cladanthus (5), Coleostephus (3), Cota (37), Cotula (51), Cymbopappus (3), Daveaua (1), Delwiensia (1), Elachanthemum (1), Endopappus (1), Eriocephalus (37), Eumorphia (6), Foveolina (5), Glebionis (2), Glossopappus (1), Glyptopleura (2), Gonospermum (7), Gymnopentzia (1), Handelia (1), Heliocauta (1), Heteranthemis (1), Heteromera (2), Hilliardia (1), Hippia (8), Hippolytia (15), Hulteniella (1), Hymenolepis (9), Hymenostemma (1), Inezia (2), Inulanthera (10), Ismelia (1), Kaschgaria (1?), Lasiospermum (4), Lepidolopha (8), Lepidolopsis (2), Lepidophorum (1), Leptinella (35), Leucanthemella (2), Leucanthemopsis (10), Leucanthemum (51), Leucoptera (3), Lidbeckia (3), Lonas (1), Marasmodes (13), Matricaria (6), Mauranthemum (4), Mecomischus (2), Microcephala (4), Myxopappus (2), Nananthea (1), Nipponanthemum (), Nivellea (1), Oncosiphon (8), Opisthopappus (1), Osmitopsis (9), Otoglyphis (2), Otospermum (1), Pentzia (31), Phalacrocarpum (1), Phymaspermum (22), Picrothamnus (1 or syn. Artemisia), Plagius (3), Polychrysum (1), Prolongoa (1), Pseudoglossanthis (5), Pseudohandelia (1), Rhetinolepis (1), Rhodanthemum (15), Richteria (11), Santolina (28), Schistostephium (13), Sclerorhachis (8), Soliva (6), Sphaeromeria (? or syn. Artemisia), Stilpnolepis (1), Tanacetopsis (24), Tanacetum (134), Thaminophyllum (3), Trichanthemis (6), Tridactylina (1), Tripleurospermum (42), Tzvelevopyrethrum (3), Ugamia (1), Ursinia (45), Vogtia (2), Xylanthemum (7).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Astereae Tribe:

The Astereae are the second-largest tribe in the Asteroideae subfamily by species number but the largest by genus, including familiar members like sunflowers and asters, which make it easy to recognize them as members of the Asteraceae. Its primary centers of diversity are North and South America but also Australia and southern Africa, making it one of the most geographically widespread tribes. It includes annuals, perennials, shrubs, and even a few trees. Leaves are generally alternate but are opposite in some genera. They typically have radiate flower heads with numerous narrow ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets. Cypselae usually have a well-developed papus of bristles for wind dispersal. 

Acamptopappus (2), Adeia (2), Adiaphila (1), Almutaster (1), Apopyros (2), Amellus (12), Ampelaster (1), Amphiachyris (2), Amphipappus (1), Apodocephala (12), Achnophora (1), Afroaster (18), Aphanostephus (5), Aquilula (1), Archibaccharis (36), Arctogeron (1), Aster (151), Asterothamnus (7), Astranthium (11), Aztecaster (2), Baccharis (436), Bathysanthus (1), Batopilasia (1), Bellis (15), Bellium (5), Benitoa (1), Bigelowia (2), Blakiella (1), Boltonia (6), Brachyscome (102), Bradburia (2), Brintonia (1), Cabreraea (1), Callistephus (1), Calotis (28), Camptacra (4), Canadanthus (1), Celmisia (69), Ceruana (1), Chaetopappa (12), Chamaegeron (4), Chaochienchangia (1), Chiliophyllum (1), Chiliotrichiopsis (3), Chiliotrichum (3), Chlamydites (1), Chloracantha (3), Chrysocoma (23), Chrysoma (1), Chrysopsis (11), Chrysothamnus (9),Ceratogyne (1), Colobanthera (1), Columbiadoria (1), Commidendrum (4), Conyza (? most now Erigeron), Cordiofontis (5), Corethrogyne (1), Croptilon (3), Cuniculotinus (1), Dacryotrichia (1), Damnamenia (1), Denekia (1), Dichaetophora (1), Dichrocephala (4), Dichromochlamys (1), Dieteria (4), Dimorphocoma (1), Diplostephium (56), Doellingeria (3), Eastwoodia (1), Egletes (7), Engleria (2), Ephedrides (1), Ericameria (37), Erigeron (462), Erodiophyllum (2), Eschenbachia (12), Eucephalus (10), Eurybia (27), Euthamia (13), Exostigma (2), Felicia (86), Floscaldasia (), Flosmutisia (1), Formania (1), Galatella (34), Geissolepis (1), Geothamnus (1), Grangea (10), Grangeopsis (1), Grauanthus (2), Griersonia (3), Grindelia (80), Gundlachia (2), Gutierrezia (35), Guynesomia (1), Gymnosperma (1), Gyrodoma (1), Haplopappus (75), Haroldia (1), Hazardia (11), Helodeaster (3), Heteromma (2), Heteroplexis (3), Heterotheca (69), Hinterhubera (9), Hullsia (1), Hysterionica (12), Inulopsis (4), Ionactis (6), Iotasperma (2), Iranoaster (1), Isocoma (16), Iteroloba (1), Ixiochlamys (4), Jeffreya (2), Katinasia (1), Kemulariella (6), Keysseria (11), Kieslingia (1), Kippistia (1), Lachnophyllum (2), Laennecia (19), Laestadia (6), Lagenocypsela (2), Lagenophora (25), Landerolaria (10), Lepidophyllum (1), Leptostelma (6), Lessingia (12), Leucosyris (9), Linealia (1), Linochilus (59), Llerasia (14), Lorandersonia (6), Machaeranthera (2), Madagaster (5), Mairia (6), Medranoa (5), Melanodendron (1), Metamyriactis (5), Microglossa (10), Microgyne (2), Minuria (15), Monoptilon (), Mtonia (1), Muellerolaria (2), Myriactis (10), Nannoglottis (9), Nardophyllum (7), Neja (5), Neobrachyactis (4), Neolaria (3), Nestotus (3), Nidorella (30), Nolletia (14), Noticastrum (21), Novaguinea (1), Novenia (1), Oclemena (3), Olearia (75), Oonopsis (6), Oreochrysum (1), Oreostemma (3), Oritrophium (25), Osbertia (3), Pacifigeron (2), Pappochroma (9), Parastrephia (3), Pentachaeta (6), Peripleura (9), Petradoria (1), Phaseolaster (3), Pilbara (1), Piora (1), Pityopsis (12), Plagiocheilus (6), Pleurophyllum (3), Podocoma (7), Poecilolepis (2), Polyarrhena (4), Printzia (6), Psiadia (51), Psilactis (6), Psychrogeton (24), Pteronia (76), Pyrrocoma (15-79), Pytinicarpa (5), Rayjacksonia (3), Remya (3), Rhamphogyne (1 extinct), Rigiopappus (1), Rochonia (4), Roodebergia (1), Sanrobertia (1), Sericocarpus (6), Sheareria (1), Solidago (140), Sommerfeltia (2), Spongotrichum (2), Stenotus (3), Stephanodoria (1), Symphyotrichum (102), Talamancaster (6), Tetramolopium (40), Thespis (4), Thurovia (1), Tibetiodes (27), Toiyabea (4), Tomentaurum (2), Tonestus (2), Townsendia (31), Tracyina (1), Tripolium (3), Turczaninovia (1), Vicinia (2), Vittadinia (24), Walsholaria (4), Welwitschiella (1), Westoniella (6), Wollemiaster (1), Xanthisma (? POWO says syn. Sideranthus), Xanthocephalum (5), Xylorhiza (11), Xylothamia (3), and Zyrphelis (21).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Athroismeae Tribe:

The Athroismeae are a small Asteraceae tribe of herbs and small shrubs, often adapted to dry habitats. They typically have alternate leaves and small, usually discoid flower heads arranged in dense clusters. Cypselae often have a short crown-like pappus or are lacking entirely. It is mostly from Africa, Madagascar, and tropical Asia. In the Americas it is mostly absent, with only one Centipeda species native to C. Chile. 

Anisochaeta (1), Anisopappus (46), Artemisiopsis (1), Athroisma (12), Blepharispermum (15), Centipeda (10), Leucoblepharis (1), and Symphyllocarpus (1).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Bahieae Tribe:

The Bahieae are a fairly small Asteraceae tribe of annual or perennial herbs or small shrubs mostly adapted to arid climates. Leaves are often opposite near the base but become alternate further up the stem. Flower heads are usually radiate with yellow florets, and the cypselae often have scales or short awns rather than long bristles. This tribe is almost entirely restricted to North America, especially the southwestern USA and Mexico. 

Achyropappus (3), Apostates (1), Bahia (? or syn. Eriphyllum), Bartlettia (1), Chaetymenia (1), Chamaechaenactis (1), Espejoa (1), Florestina (8), Holoschkuhria (1), Hymenopappus (13), Hymenothrix (11), Hypericophyllum (13), Loxothysanus (2), Nothoschkuhria (1), Palafoxia (12), Peucephyllum (1), Picradeniopsis (8), Platyschkuhria (1), Psathyrotopsis (3), Schkuhria (2), Thymopsis (2).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Calenduleae Tribe:

The Calenduleae are a small Asteraceae tribe mostly from southern Africa and the Mediterranean, although they have been introduced elsewhere. Members are herbs or subshrubs with alternate leaves and often large, showy radiate heads. Ray florets are often female and produce dimorphic fruits, while disc florets are bisexual. Cypselae often differ significantly in shape even in the same flower head.

Calendula (18), Dimorphotheca (21), Garuleum (8), Gibbaria (2), and Osteospermum (74).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Chaenactideae Tribe:

This Asteraceae tribe is almost entirely endemic to western North America, adapted to deserts and seasonally dry habitats. It includes annual and perennial herbs with finely divided leaves and radiate or discoid flower heads. Receptacles usually have chaffy scales, and the pappus may have scales, short bristles, or be absent.

Chaenactis (19), Dimeresia (1), Orochaenactis (1).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Coreopsideae Tribe:

The Coreopsideae tribe is centered around Mexico and Central America but can be found throughout the Americas as well as tropical Africa and has been introduced elsewhere. It consists of herbs, shrubs, and a few small trees with opposite or alternate leaves and usually showy radiate heads, often made of bright yellow or bright orange ray florets, making them popular garden plants. Cypselae are often flattened with barbed awns or scales to facilitate dispersal by animals.

Bidens (224), Burnellia (28), Chrysanthellum (14), Coreocarpus (7), Coreopsis (39), Cosmos (36), Cyathomone (1), Dahlia (42), Dicranocarpus (1), Diodontium (1), Ericentrodea (6), Fitchia (7), Glossocardia (13), Goldmanella (1), Henricksonia (1), Heterosperma (11), Hidalgoa (3), Isostigma (13), Koehneola (1), Moonia (2), Narvalina (2), Oparanthus (7), Petrobium (1), Pinillosia (1), Tetraperone (1), Thelesperma (12), Trioncinia (2). 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Doroniceae Tribe:

This monogeneric Asteraceae tribe is located in the mountains of Europe, the Mediterranean, the Caucasus, and western Asia and is not found in the Americas. It is a group of perennial herbs, often from rhizomes or tuberous roots, with simple alternate to basal leaves. Flower heads are typically solitary and radiate with yellow ray and disc florets and a naked receptacle. Cypselae usually have a pappus of fine bristles. a reduced crown.  

Doronicum (30).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Eupatorieae Tribe:

The second-largest tribe in the Asteroideae subfamily, and the Asteraceae as a whole, is almost exclusively endemic to the Americas, especially the neotropics, with ~2-3 genera found naturally outside the Americas and some others now introduced. Members are herbs, shrubs, climbers, and even some small trees; leaves are often opposite. They have discoid flower heads made almost entirely of tubular bisexual florets, and style branches often are elongated with sweeping hairs. Cypselae usually have a conspicuous pappus.

Acanthostyles (2), Acritopappus (19), Adenocritonia (2), Adenostemma (23), Ageratella (1), Ageratina (316), Ageratum (38), Agrianthus (9), Alomia (4), Alomiella (2), Amboroa (2), Amolinia (1), Antillia (1), Aristeguietia (21), Arrojadocharis (2), Asanthus (3), Ascidiogyne (2), Asplundianthus (11), Austrobrickellia (3), Austrocritonia (4), Austroeupatorium (15), Ayapana (17), Ayapanopsis (17), Badilloa (11), Bahianthus (1), Barrosoa (11), Bartlettina (43), Bejaranoa (2), Bishopiella (1), Bishovia (2), Brickellia (110), Brickelliastrum (2), Campovassouria (2), Campuloclinium (16), Carminatia (5), Carphephorus (5), Carphochaete (7), Castanedia (1), Catolesia (3), Cavalcantia (2), Centenaria (1), Chacoa (1), Chromolaena (163), Ciceronia (1), Condylidium (2), Condylopodium (6), Conocliniopsis (1), Conoclinium (6), Corethamnium (1), Critonia (37), Critoniadelphus (2), Critoniella (6), Cronquistianthus (23), Crossothamnus (4), Dasycondylus (9), Decachaeta (9), Diacranthera (3), Dissothrix (1), Disynaphia (14), Eitenia (2), Ellenbergia (1), Eupatoriastrum (9), Eupatorina (1), Eupatoriopsis (1), Eupatorium (69), Eutrochium (5), Ferreyrella (2), Fleischmannia (98), Fleischmanniopsis (5), Flyriella (4), Garberia (1), Gardnerina (1), Gongrostylus (2), Goyazianthus (1), Grazielia (12), Grisebachianthus (7), Grosvenoria (6), Guayania (5), Guevaria (5), Gymnocondylus (1), Gymnocoronis (4), Gyptidium (2), Gyptis (6), Hartwrightia (1), Hatschbachiella (2), Hebeclinium (28), Helogyne (8), Heterocondylus (15), Hofmeisteria (12), Hughesia (1), Idiothamnus (4), Iltisia (2), Imeria (1), Isocarpha (6), Jaliscoa (3), Jaramilloa (2), Kaunia (10), Koanophyllon (127), Kyrsteniopsis (6), Lapidia (1), Lasiolaena (7), Lepidesmia (1), Leptoclinium (1), Liatris (42), Litothamnus (3), Lomatozona (4), Lorentzianthus (1), Lourteigia (12), Macropodina (3), Macvaughiella (4), Malmeanthus (3), Malperia (1), Mexianthus (1), Microspermum (8), Mikania (447), Monogereion (1), Morithamnus (2), Neocabreria (6), Neocuatrecasia (13), Neomirandea (26), Nesomia (1), Nothobaccharis (1), Ophryosporus (42), Osmiopsis (1), Oxylobus (7), Paneroa (1), Parapiqueria (1), Peteravenia (5), Phalacraea (4), Phania (3), Piqueria (6), Piqueriella (1), Planaltoa (2), Platypodanthera (1), Pleurocoronis (3), Polyanthina (1), Praxeliopsis (1), Praxelis (19), Prolobus (1), Pseudobrickellia (3), Radlkoferotoma (4), Raulinoreitzia (3), Santosia (1), Scherya (1), Sciadocephala (7), Sclerolepis (1), Semiria (1), Shinnersia (1), Siapaea (1), Spaniopappus (5), Sphaereupatorium (1), Standleyanthus (1), Stevia (268), Steviopsis (5), Steyermarkina (4), Stomatanthes (10), Stylotrichium (6), Symphyopappus (13), Tamaulipa (1), Teixeiranthus (2), Trichocoronis (2), Trichogonia (20), Trichogoniopsis (3), Trilisa (3), Tuberostylis (2), Uleophytum (1), Urolepis (1), Vittetia (2), Zyzyura (1).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Feddeeae Tribe:

This monospecific Asteraceae tribe is a woody scrambling shrub with alternate leaves and small discoid flower heads, a reduced pappus, and unique floral characteristics. It is critically endangered and found only on serpentine soils in eastern Cuba.

Feddea (1).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Gnaphalieae Tribe:

Most genera of the Gnaphalieae tribe of Asteraceae are from Australia, followed by Southern Africa, but they are a cosmopolitan genus, and another smaller center of diversity is found in South America, and they are still relatively common throughout the Americas. Members are herbs and shrubs, often covered with dense white or gray woolly hairs. Flowers are usually discound heads surrounded by dry, papery involucral bracts that often remain colorful after flowering. Cypselae generally possess a well-developed pappus.

Acanthocladium (1), Achyrocline (44), Acomis (4), Actinobole (4), Alatoseta (1), Ammobium (3), Amphiglossa (2), Anaphalioides (7), Anaphalis (110), Anaxeton (10), Ancistrocarphus (2), Anderbergia (6), Anemocarpa (3), Angianthus (20), Antennaria (45), Apalochlamys (1), Argentipallium (4), Argyroglottis (1), Argyrotegium (4), Arrowsmithia (12), Asteridea (9), Athrixia (15), Atrichantha (1), Basedowia (1), Bellida (1), Belloa (4), Berroa (1), Blennospora (3), Bombycilaena (2), Callilepis (10), Calocephalus (15), Calomeria (3), Calotesta (1), Cassinia (64), Castroviejoa (2), Catatia (2), Cephalipterum (1), Cephalosorus (1), Chamaepus (1), Chevreulia (6), Chiliocephalum (2), Chionolaena (12), Chondropyxis (1), Chryselium (1), Chrysocephalum (10), Chthonocephalus (6), Cladochaeta (1), Coronidium (18), Craspedia (33), Cremnothamnus (1), Cuatrecasasiella (2), Decazesia (1), Diaperia (3), Dielitzia (1), Dithyrostegia (2), Dolichothrix (1), Edmondia (3), Epitriche (1), Eriochlamys (4), Erymophyllum (5), Euchiton (17), Ewartia (4), Ewartiothamnus (1), Facelis (3), Feldstonia (1), Filago (52), Fitzwillia (1), Fluminaria (1), Galeomma (2), Gamochaeta (60), Gilberta (1), Gilruthia (1), Gnaphaliothamnus (16), Gnaphalium (36), Gnephosis (17), Gnomophalium (1), Gratwickia (1), Haeckeria (3), Haegiela (1), Haptotrichion (2), Helichrysopsis (1), Helichrysum (564), Hesperevax (3), Humeocline (1), Hyalochlamys (1), Hyalosperma (9), Hydroidea (1), Ifloga (15), Ixiolaena (2), Ixodia (2), Jalcophila (4), Lachnospermum (5), Langebergia (1), Lasiopogon (7), Lawrencella (2), Leiocarpa (10), Lemooria (1), Leontopodium (59), Lepidostephium (2), Leptorhynchos (11), Leucochrysum (5), Leucogenes (4), Leucophyta (1), Leysera (3), Libinhania (13), Logfia (5), Lucilia (10), Metalasia (57), Mexerion (3), Micropsis (5), Micropus (3), Millotia (17), Mniodes (22), Myriocephalus (15), Neotysonia (1), Nestlera (1), Oedera (40), Omalotheca (9), Oxylaena (1), Ozothamnus (47), Paenula (1), Parantennaria (1), Pentatrichia (5), Petalacte (1), Phaenocoma (1), Phagnalon (32), Pithocarpa (5), Planea (1), Plecostachys (2), Podolepis (19), Podotheca (8), Pogonolepis (3), Polycalymma (1), Pseudognaphalium (108), Psilocarphus (5), Pterochaeta (1), Pterygopappus (1), Pycnosorus (6), Quinetia (1), Quinqueremulus (1), Rachelia (1), Raoulia (23), Raouliopsis (2), Rhetinocarpha (1), Rhodanthe (46), Rhynchopsidium (2), Rutidosis (9), Schoenia (5), Siemssenia (2), Siloxerus (5), Sondottia (2), Stenocline (2), Stoebe (54), Stuartina (), Stylocline (2), Syncarpha (21), Syncephalum (5), Taplinia (1), Tenrhynea (1), Thiseltonia (2), Tietkensia (1), Trichanthodium (4), Triptilodiscus (1), Troglophyton (6), Vellereophyton (7), Waitzia (7), Xerochrysum (25).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Helenieae Tribe:

This Asteraceae tribe is overwhelmingly American and most diverse in southern North America, especially Mexico, where many are endemic. Helenieae are mostly annual and perennial herbs with radiate or discoid flower heads and often aromatic leaves. The receptacle typically has chaffy scales, while the pappus may be absent, scaled, or awned. Many are found in grasslands, deserts, and open woods. 

Amblyolepis (1), Baileya (3), Balduina (3), Gaillardia (22), Helenium (33), Hymenoxys (26), Marshallia (9), Ovicula (1), Pelucha (1), Plateilema (1), Psathyrotes (3), Psilostrophe (7), Tetraneuris (9), Trichoptilium (1).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Heliantheae Tribe:

The Heliantheae or Sunflower tribe of the Asteraceae are overwhelmingly concentrated in Mexico and Central America with high rates of endemism and diversity, but they are also found throughout the Americas, with approximately 7 genera endemic to Africa, Asia, and Australia and some having broader pantropical distributions. Most Heliantheae are herbs or shrubs, but some grow to the size of small trees. Leaves are usually hairy or rough and arranged in opposite pairs but may be alternate and often contain resin glands. Flowers are usually in radiate or discoid heads with receptacles with chaffy bracts, and the cypselae typically lack a conspicuous pappus. The anthers are usually blackened, and specialized pollination is common in the tribe.

Acmella (36), Agnorhiza (5), Aldama (117), Ambrosia (46), Aspilia (62), Austroflourensia (12), Bahiopsis (12), Balsamorhiza (11), Baltimora (2), Berlandiera (11), Blainvillea (5), Borrichia (3), Calanticaria (5), Calyptocarpus (3), Chromolepis (1), Chrysogonum (7), Clibadium (39), Damnxanthodium (1), Davilanthus (7), Delilia (2), Dicoria (3), Dimerostemma (32), Dendroviguiera (14), Dugesia (1), Echinacea (9), Eclipta (6), Elaphandra (14), Electranthera (3),  Eleutheranthera (2), Encelia (22), Enceliopsis (3), Engelmannia (1), Eremosis (25), Exomiocarpon (1), Euphrosyne (5), Fenixia (1), Flourensia (13), Geraea (2), Gonzalezia (3), Hedosyne (1), Heiseria (3), Helianthella (11), Helianthus (56), Heliomeris (6), Heliopsis (15), Hoffmanniella (1), Hybridella (2), Hymenostephium (22), Idiopappus (1), Indocypraea (1), Iogeton (1), Iostephane (4), Iva (10), Jefea (5), Kingianthus (2), Lagascea (9), Lantanopsis (3), Lasianthaea (16), Leptocarpha (1), Lindheimera (1), Lipochaeta (20), Lipotriche (12), Lundellianthus (8), Melanthera (4), Monactis (12), Montanoa (29), Oblivia (3), Otopappus (17), Oxycarpha (1), Oyedaea (24), Pappobolus (37), Parthenice (1), Parthenium (19), Pascalia (2), Pentalepis (6), Perymeniopsis (1), Perymenium (65), Philactis (4), Phoebanthus (2), Plagiolophus (1), Podachaenium (6), Podanthus (2), Ratibida (7), Rensonia (1), Riencourtia (6), Rojasianthe (1), Rudbeckia (31), Salmea (11), Sanvitalia (6), Scabrethia (1), Scalesia (15), Schizoptera (1), Sclerocarpus (9), Sidneya (2), Silphium (22), Simsia (30), Sphagneticola (4), Spilanthes (7), Squamopappus (1), Steiractinia (14), Syncretocarpus (3), Synedrella (1), Synedrellopsis (1), Tehuana (1), Tetrachyron (10), Tetranthus (4), Tilesia (3), Tithonia (12), Trichocoryne (1), Trigonopterum (1), Tuberculocarpus (1), Tuxtla (1), Verbesina (353), Vigethia (1), Viguiera (19), Wamalchitamia (7), Wedelia (137), Wollastonia (7), Wyethia (9), Xanthium (7), Zaluzania (12), Zexmenia (5), Zinnia (26), Zyzyxia (1).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Inuleae Tribe:

The Inuleae are primarily concentrated around the Mediterranean, Africa, and Asia, with only a small number native to the Americas and a handful more introduced here. Some members are placed in the Plucheeae tribe, but here we use a narrower definition of that tribe and place most of those here instead. This tribe includes herbs and shrubs with alternate leaves, often aromatic or woolly, and having mostly discoid flower heads. The bracts are typically in overlapping series, and cypselae usually have a capillary pappus.

Adelostigma (2), Allagopappus (2), Allopterigeron (1), Antiphiona (2), Anvillea (2), Asteriscus (9), Blumea (97), Buphthalmum (3), Caesulia (1), Calostephane (6), Carpesium (22), Chiliadenus (10), Coleocoma (1), Cratystylis (4), Delamerea (1), Dittrichia (2), Duhaldea (13), Epaltes (7), Geigeria (28), Inula (79), Iphiona (13), Iphionopsis (3), Jasonia (1), Karelinia (1), Laggera (10), Lifago (1), Limbarda (1), Litogyne (1), Merrittia (1), Monarrhenus (2), Neojeffreya (1), Nicolasia (7), Ondetia (1), Pallenis (6), Pechuel-loeschea (1), Pegolettia (9), Pentanema (34), Perralderia (3), Porphyrostemma (3), Pseudoblepharispermum (3), Pseudoconyza (1), Pterocaulon (26), Pulicaria (81), Rhanteriopsis (5), Rhanterium (4), Sachsia (3), Schizogyne (2), Sphaeranthus (40), Stenachaenium (5), Streptoglossa (8), Telekia (1), Tessaria (5), Thespidium (1), Triplocephalum (1), Vieraea (1).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Madieae Tribe:

This Asteraceae tribe is sometimes considered a subtribe of Heliantheae, but not on the Compositae website, which we defer to here. It is a highly restricted tribe, native almost entirely to western North America, especially in California, USA, and Baja California, Mexico, in drought- and fire-prone environments. The tribe is made of annuals, perennials, and shrubs, often bearing sticky glandular hairs with aromatic resins. Flowers are radiate or discoid heads, and the cypselae typically lack a pappus, like most of the Heliantheae.

Achyrachaena (1), Adenothamnus (1), Amblyopappus (1), Anisocarpus (2), Argyroxiphium (5), Arnica (31), Baeriopsis (1), Blepharipappus (1), Blepharizonia (2), Calycadenia (10), Carlquistia (1), Centromadia (4), Constancea (1), Deinandra (21), Dubautia (27), Eatonella (1), Eriophyllum (14), Harmonia (5), Hemizonella (1), Hemizonia (1), Holocarpha (4), Holozonia (1), Hulsea (7), Jensia (2), Kyhosia (1), Lagophylla (5), Lasthenia (18), Layia (15), Madia (11), Monolopia (5), Osmadenia (1), Pseudobahia (3), Raillardella (3), Syntrichopappus (2), Venegasia (1), Wilkesia (2).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Millerieae Tribe:

This is another Asteraceae tribe that is mostly endemic to the American continents. It has a center of diversity in Mexico and Central America, with one (of two) former African endemic genera now introduced to the Americas. Members are herbs, vines, or shrubs with opposite leaves and fairly small radiate or discoid flower heads. Cypselae are often laterally compressed and may have awns or scales instead of a long pappus, and several genera are specialized for animal dispersal.

Acanthospermum (6), Alepidocline (6), Alloispermum (17), Aphanactis (11), Axiniphyllum (5), Bebbia (1), Cymophora (4), Desmanthodium (8), Dyscritothamnus (2), Espeletia (141), Faxonia (1), Freya (1), Galinsoga (12), Guardiola (12), Guizotia (7), Ichthyothere (27), Jaegeria (11), Lecocarpus (4), Melampodium (42), Micractis (2), Milleria (1), Oteiza (4), Rumfordia (7), Sabazia (16), Schistocarpha (13), Selloa (3), Sigesbeckia (11), Smallanthus (22), Stachycephalum (3), Tamananthus (1), Tetragonotheca (4), Tridax (34), Trigonospermum (6), Zandera (3).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Neurolaeneae Tribe:

This small Asteraceae tribe is another one with a center of diversity in Mexico and Central America and is entirely native to the Americas, typically found in seasonally dry tropical forests. The Neurolaeneae bears similarities with the Millerieae tribe. It includes herbs and shrubs with opposite leaves and yellow radiate or discoid flower heads with flattened cypselae that may bear short awns or scales.

Calea (169), Enydra (6), Greenmaniella (1), Heptanthus (7), Neurolaena (14), Staurochlamys (1), Unxia (2).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Perityleae Tribe:

This small Asteraceae tribe is restricted to North America, with a center of diversity in the SW USA and NW Mexico. It consists mostly of annual and perennial herbs or small shrubs adapted to rocky, arid habitats; many are narrow endemics confined to cliffs or desert mountains. Flower heads are usually small and radiate, and cypselae typically have scales or short awns.

Amauria (? syn of Perityle), Eutetras (2), Galeana (1), Pericome (2), Perityle (13), Villanova (5).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Plucheeae Tribe:

Some members of the Inuleae tribe of the Asteraceae are frequently placed here. Under this narrower definition, the genus is pantropical and most diverse in the Americas (Pluchea) or endemic to Mauritius (Cylindrocline). Members are aromatic herbs, shrubs, and subshrubs with alternate, often densely pubescent leaves. Flowers are discoid heads made of tubular florets with female florets surrounding bisexual central florets. Cypselae are often ribbed and crowned with a fine pappus.

Cylindrocline (2), Pluchea (61).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Polymnieae Tribe:

This monogeneric Asteraceae tribe is restricted to eastern North America, mostly the USA, but it does extend into Canada. They are primarily found in rich woodlands, streambanks, and mesic habitats. The members are perennial herbs with often stout, hollow stems and large opposite to alternate leaves that are commonly lobed or coarsely toothed. The flower heads are radiate, with yellow ray and disc florets, and the cypselae lack a pappus or may have only a minute crown.

Polymnia (4).  

Asteroideae Subfamily: Senecioneae Tribe:

The Senecioneae are nearly cosmopolitan, with centers of diversity in southern Africa, the Mediterranean, Mexico, and the Andes of South America, but they are well represented throughout the American continents. Members are annual and perennial herbs, shrubs, vines, succulents, and small trees. Flowers are radiate or discoid, with involucral bracts usually in a single series and often accompanied by a calculus (ring of smaller outer bracts), which often helps in identification, though it’s not universal. The cypselae mostly have conspicuous pappus for wind dispersal, but a few genera have them modified or reduced.

Abrotanella (22), Acrisione (2), Adenostyles (6), Aequatorium (12), Aetheolaena (27), Angeldiazia (1), Antillanthus (17), Arbelaezaster (1), Arnoglossum (8), Arrhenechthites (6), Austrosynotis (1), Barkleyanthus (1), Bedfordia (3), Bethencourtia (3), Blennosperma (3), Bolandia (5), Brachionostylum (1), Brachyglottis (26), Cabreriella (2), Cacaliopsis (1), Capelio (3), Caucasalia (3), Caxamarca (2), Centropappus (1), Chaetacalia (1), Charadranaetes (1), Chersodoma (11), Cineraria (48), Cissampelopsis (12), Crassocephalum (26), Cremanthodium (82), Crocidium (1), Culcitium (16), Curio (17), Dauresia (2), Delairea (2), Dendrocacalia (1), Dendrophorbium (83), Dendrosenecio (12), Dicercoclados (1 extinct), Digitacalia (6), Dolichoglottis (2), Dolichorrhiza (3), Dorobaea (4), Dresslerothamnus (5), Ekmaniopappus (1), Elekmania (9), Emilia (129), Endocellion (2), Erechtites (8), Eriothrix (2), Euryops (105), Farfugium (2), Faujasia (4), Faujasiopsis (3), Garcibarrigoa (2), Graphistylis (9), Gymnodiscus (2), Gynoxys (130), Gynura (58), Haastia (4), Haplosticha (3), Hasteola (3), Herodotia (1), Herreranthus (1), Hertia (9), Hoehnephytum (3), Homogyne (3), Hubertia (24), Humbertacalia (10), Ignurbia (1), Io (1), Iocenes (1), Iranecio (4), Ischnea (6), Jacmaia (1), Jacobaea (63), Jessea (3), Kleinia (57), Lachanodes (1 extinct), Lasiocephalus (4), Lamprocephalus (1), Leonis (1), Lepidospartum (3), Ligularia (150), Ligulariopsis (1), Lopholaena (21), Lordhowea (4), Luina (2), Lundinia (1), Mattfeldia (1), Mesogramma (1), Mikaniopsis (15), Miricacalia (1), Misbrookea (1), Mixtecalia (1), Monticalia (82), Nelsonianthus (2), Nemosenecio (6), Nesampelos (3), Odontocline (6), Oldfeltia (1), Oligothrix (1), Oresbia (1), Othonna (85), Packera (77), Papuacalia (17), Paracalia (3), Parafaujasia (2), Paragynoxys (12), Parasenecio (72), Pentacalia (154), Pericallis (16), Petasites (18), Phaneroglossa (1), Pippenalia (1), Pittocaulon (5), Pladaroxylon (1), Pojarkovia (1), Psacaliopsis (4), Psacalium (52), Psednotrichia (3), Pseudogynoxys (16), Rainiera (1), Robinsonecio (2), Robinsonia (8), Roldana (65), Rugelia (1), Scapisenecio (5), Scrobicaria (3), Senecio (1486), Shafera (1), Sinacalia (3), Sinosenecio (52), Solanecio (17), Steirodiscus (5), Stenops (2), Stilpnogyne (1), Syneilesis (7), Synotis (63), Talamancalia (2), Telanthophora (12), Tephroseris (45), Tetradymia (10), Traversia (1), Tussilago (1), Urostemon (1), Vickifunkia (10), Villasenoria (1), Werneria (47), Yermo (1), Zemisia (2).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Tageteae Tribe:

This tribe is entirely native to the Americas, with the highlands of Mexico as the primary center of diversification, with additional diversity in the southwestern United States, Central America, and the Andes. Members are perennial herbs, subshrubs, and some shrubs, which are often strongly aromatic due to abundant oil glands in the usually opposite and pinnately divided leaves. Flowers are radiate or discoid heads with yellow, orange, or white florets, and the cypselae typically have a pappus of short scales or awns.

Adenophyllum (13), Arnicastrum (2), Bajacalia (3), Boeberastrum (2), Boeberoides (1), Chrysactinia (6), Clappia (1), Comaclinium (1), Coulterella (1), Dysodiopsis (1), Dyssodia (6), Flaveria (21), Gymnolaena (3), Haploesthes (4), Harnackia (1), Hydropectis (3), Jamesianthus (1), Jaumea (2), Lescaillea (1), Leucactinia (1), Nicolletia (3), Oxypappus (1), Pectis (94), Porophyllum (34), Pseudoclappia (2), Sartwellia (4), Schizotrichia (3), Strotheria (1), Tagetes (50), Thymophylla (13), Urbinella (1), Varilla (2).

Barnadesioideae Subfamily:

The Barnadesioideae subfamily is the earliest diverging lineage of the Asteraceae and retains several ancestral characteristics. Members are shrubs, trees, or perennial herbs with alternate leaves, often with axillary or terminal flower heads. A distinctive feature is the presence of axillary spines and pollen grains with small spines, a combination that helps distinguish it from other subfamilies. All members belong to the same tribe, Barnadesieae, and it’s entirely restricted to South America, with centers of diversity in Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina.

Archidasyphyllum (2), Arnaldoa (4), Barnadesia (23), Chuquiraga (23), Dasyphyllum (36), Doniophyton (2), Duseniella (1), Fulcaldea (2), Huarpea (1), Schlechtendalia (1).

Carduoideae Subfamily: Cardueae Tribe:

The Cardueae are a fairly large Asteraceae tribe of annual and perennial herbs, with a few shrubs, that are characterized by spiny or prickly leaves and involucral bracts. Flower heads are uniformly discoid and composed entirely of tubular florets, often purple, pink, white, or yellow. Cypselae usually have a conspicuous pappus of plumose or scabrid bristles, and many species have robust taproots adapted to dry environments. Most species are native to the Old World, concentrated around the Mediterranean Basin, the Caucasus, and southwestern Asia, although native genera exist in the Americas and many are introduced from Eurasia.

Afrocarduus (18), Afrocirsium (3), Alfredia (6), Amberboa (13), Amphoricarpos (5), Ancathia (1), Arctium (44), Atractylis (27), Atractylodes (4), Berardia (1), Callicephalus (1), Cardopatium (2), Carduncellus (35), Carduus (81), Carlina (30), Carthamus (15), Centaurea (777), Centaurodendron (3), Centaurothamnus (1), Chardinia (1), Cheirolophus (28), Cirsium (499), Cousinia (673), Cousiniopsis (1), Crocodilium (3), Crupina (3), Cynara (10), Dipterocome (1), Dolomiaea (21), Echinops (218), Femeniasia (1), Galactites (3), Goniocaulon (1), Jurinea (250), Karvandarina (2), Klasea (55), Lamyropappus (1), Lamyropsis (5), Mantisalca (6), Myopordon (6), Notobasis (1), Nuriaea (2), Olgaea (17), Oligochaeta (3), Onopordum (60), Phalacrachena (2), Phonus (4), Picnomon (1), Plagiobasis (1), Plectocephalus (14), Polytaxis (1?), Psephellus (114), Ptilostemon (15), Rhaponticoides (35), Rhaponticum (27), Russowia (1), Saussurea (525), Schischkinia (1), Serratula (4), Shangwua (3), Siebera (2), Silybum (2), Staehelina (4), Stizolophus (4), Synurus (3), Syreitschikovia (2), Thevenotia (2), Tricholepis (20), Tugarinovia (1), Tyrimnus (1), Volutaria (16), Xanthopappus (1), Xeranthemum (4), Yunquea (1), Zoegea (3). 

Carduoideae Subfamily: Tarchonantheae Tribe:

This is another uncommon tribe among the Asteraceae, made of woody shrubs and trees, also restricted to Africa, both southern and eastern, with a few species extending into the Arabian Peninsula. Members have alternate leaves that are leathery and often densely covered with silvery or whitish hairs beneath. Flower heads are small, discoid, and frequently unisexual, with plants often being dioecious, also not common in the family. The cypselae bear a well-developed pappus of bristles, and many species are aromatic due to the presence of essential oils.

Brachylaena (12), Tarchonanthus (4).

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Chondrillinae Subtribe: 

The Chondrillinae is a small Asteraceae tribe concentrated in temperate Eurasia, with only a single invasive weed, Chondrilla juncea, naturalized in the American continents. It consists of perennial herbs, often with deep taproots and basal rosettes, although leafy flowering stems, often pinnatified, are well developed in Chondrilla. The flower heads contain only yellow ligulate, bisexual florets, and the plants produce abundant milky latex. Cypselae are typically elongated with a slender beak and a persistent pappus of fine white bristles.  

Caucasoseris (1), Chondrilla (31), Phitosia (1), and Willemetia (2).

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Cichoriinae Subtribe

The Cichoriinae are another small Asteraceae tribe but are one of the better-known ones, containing the familiar “chicory.” They are mostly annual or perennial herbs with milky latex, basal rosettes or leafy stems, and flower heads composed entirely of yellow to pale blue ligulate, bisexual florets. The cypselae are usually stout and ribbed, often with a persistent pappus of scales or bristles, although it may be reduced or absent. Leaves are generally alternate and range from deeply lobed to entire, while several genera possess coarse bristles or prickles along the stems or leaf margins. This Asteraceae subtribe is concentrated around the Mediterranean Basin, extending into Macaronesia, North Africa, and southwestern Asia, with only one genus native in the Americas (California, USA) and others introduced throughout.

Arnoseris (1), Cichorium (7), Erythroseris (2), Phalacroseris (1), Rothmaleria (1), and Tolpis (23).

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Crepidinae Subtribe

The Crepidinae subtribe is morphologically variable, especially in cypselae structure, pappus form, and leaf arrangement, which have been important in recent generic revisions, so the subtribe is taxonomically active and may still change in the future. They are mostly concentrated in temperate Eurasia with additional diversity in the Mediterranean, although there are a few native genera in the American continents, especially North America. They are mostly annual and perennial herbs with milky latex and typically form basal rosettes or leafy stems. Flowers are heads composed entirely of ligulate, bisexual florets, and the cypselae are usually ribbed, angled, or compressed, often with a beak and a pappus of simple or scabrid bristles.

Acanthocephalus (2), Askellia (10), Crepidiastrum (18), Crepis (~200–250), Dubyaea (11), Faberia* (10), Garhadiolus (3), Heteracia (2), Heteroderis (1), Hololeion (2), Ixeridium (~22), Ixeris (~19), Lagoseriopsis (1), Lapsana (1), Lapsanastrum (4), Mojiangia (1), Nabalus (~17), Qineryangia (1?), Rhagadiolus (2), Sinoseris (3 new), Sonchella (2), Soroseris (8), Spiroseris (1), Syncalathium (6), Taraxacum** (~250 sexually reproducing but ~2575 inc. apomictic microspecies), and Youngia (48). 

*Based on chloroplast DNA, Faberia is placed here, but nuclear DNA suggests Lactucinae, so it may have formed as a hybridization between the two subtribes. **Also, Taraxacum is a special case with ~250–300 “macrospecies,” while thousands of apomictic microspecies have also been described. 

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hieraciinae Subtribe

The Hieraciinae have a center of diversity in Europe, especially in the mountains, extending to Asia. While there is much less diversity, several native and introduced species occur throughout the Americas. The subtribe consists of perennial herbs, many forming basal rosettes with leafy flowering stems and often covered in simple, glandular, or stellate hairs. Flower heads are composed entirely of yellow, orange, or occasionally pale ligulate, bisexual florets, and the plants produce abundant milky latex. Cypselae are slender and ribbed, bearing a persistent pappus of bristles for wind dispersal. Many of these Asteraceae members reproduce through apomixis, resulting in numerous locally endemic microspecies with subtle morphological differences.

Andryala* (22), Hieracium (~ 850–4617), Hispidella** (1), Pilosella** (~250–300), and Schlagintweitia (3). 

*Similar to Faberia, the subtribe Hieraciinae has a notoriously complex evolutionary history with widespread ancient intergeneric hybridization, extensive allele sharing, and incomplete lineage sorting across Andryala. **Also, species estimates for Hieracium and Pilosella vary widely because many botanists recognize thousands of apomictic microspecies, while others treat these as components of broader species complexes. 

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hyoseridinae Subtribe

The Hyoseridinae are an Asteraceae subtribe concentrated around the Mediterranean Basin, North Africa, Macaronesia, and western Asia, while Sonchus is nearly cosmopolitan. No genera are native to the Americas, but Sonchus is widely introduced. The subtribe consists of annual and perennial herbs with abundant milky latex and flower heads composed entirely of ligulate, bisexual florets. Plants typically form basal rosettes or erect leafy stems, although growth forms vary considerably. The cypselae are typically ribbed or angled with a persistent pappus of simple or plumose bristles for wind dispersal.

Aposeris (1), Hyoseris (3), Launaea (57), Reichardia (10), and Sonchus (98).

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hypochaeridinae Subtribe

The Hypochaeridinae is another Asteraceae subtribe that has seen significant changes recently, with several genera being consolidated or transferred to Scorzonerinae based on recent molecular work. They are concentrated around the Mediterranean Basin and western Eurasia, with a major secondary center of diversification in the Andes and southern South America. Members are primarily of annual and perennial herbs with abundant milky latex and flower heads composed entirely of ligulate, bisexual florets. Most species form basal rosettes, although some develop leafy flowering stems. The cypselae are typically ribbed and crowned by a persistent pappus of plumose or scabrid bristles, while the leaves range from entire to deeply pinnatifid.

Avellara (1), Hedypnois (3), Helminthotheca (7), Hypochaeris (~120), Leontodon (40), Picris (46), Robertia (syn. Hypochaeris?), Scorzoneroides (22), and Urospermum (2).

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Lactucinae Subtribe

The modern treatment has greatly reduced Lactucinae, resulting in discrepancies between authoritative sources. Under the new description, the center of diversity for this Asteraceae subtribe is now southwestern China and the Himalayas, with limited native species in the Americas but several introduced. The Lactucinae are primarily perennial herbs, although a few annuals occur. Members produce abundant milky latex and possess erect leafy stems with alternate leaves that range from entire to deeply divided and are especially common in montane forests, woodland edges, and alpine meadows. Flower heads are composed entirely of ligulate, bisexual florets, which are typically yellow, blue, or violet. The cypselae are usually compressed and often terminate in a slender beak supporting a persistent pappus of fine white bristles.

Astartoseris (1), Cicerbita (42), Faberia* (10), Kovalevskiella (? or syn. of Cicerbita), Lactuca (117), Lihengia (2), Melanoseris (32), Notoseris (6), Paraprenanthes (14), and Prenanthes (9).

*Based on nuclear DNA, Faberia is placed here, but chloroplast DNA suggests Crepidinae, so it may have formed as a hybridization between the two subtribes. 

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Microseridinae Subtribe

Microseridinae is a predominantly New World subtribe of the Asteraceae centered in western North America, particularly California, the Great Basin, and the Pacific Northwest. A smaller secondary lineage occurs in Australia and New Zealand through species of Microseris, with molecular evidence supporting a common ancestry despite their present-day geographic separation. Members are primarily annual and perennial herbs with abundant milky latex and flower heads composed entirely of yellow, cream, or occasionally pink ligulate, bisexual florets. Many species form basal rosettes and produce stems that are leafless to leafy. The cypselae are usually beaked to attenuate and bear a persistent pappus of fine white bristles for wind dispersal. Members occupy a wide variety of open habitats, including prairies, deserts, sagebrush, chaparral, montane meadows, and coastal environments.

Anisocoma (1), Agoseris (~12), Atrichoseris (1), Calycoseris (2), Chaetadelpha (1), Krigia (7), Lygodesmia (5), Malacothrix (19), Marshalljohnstonia (1), Microseris (15), Munzothamnus (1), Nothocalais (4), Picrosia (2), Pinaropappus (10), Pleiacanthus (1), Prenanthella (1), Pyrrhopappus (4), Rafinesquia (2), Shinnersoseris (1), Stebbinsoseris (2), Stephanomeria (18), and Uropappus (1).

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Scolyminae Subtribe

The Scolyminae are an Asteraceae subtribe from the Mediterranean Basin and surrounding area and were only introduced in the USA and the American continents. It consists of robust annual or perennial herbs with spiny-winged stems, leathery and prickly leaves, and abundant milky latex. The flower heads are composed entirely of yellow ligulate, bisexual florets and are typically clustered in the upper leaf axils or at the ends of stems. Cypselae are stout and ribbed, usually bearing a persistent pappus of rough scales or short bristles. Members are well adapted to dry, open habitats and possess numerous structural defenses against herbivory.

Scolymus (3).

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Scorzonerinae Subtribe

The Scorzonerinae subtribe of the Asteraceae have undergone some of the most extensive reorganizations, with genera split, merged, or transferred based on molecular phylogenetic studies. The center of diversity is the Mediterranean Basin, southeastern Europe, the Caucasus, and central to southwestern Asia, with only the occasional introduction into the American continents. The Scorzonerinae consists primarily of annual and perennial herbs with abundant milky latex, typically forming basal rosettes or erect leafy stems with narrow, entire to pinnatifid leaves. Flower heads are composed entirely of ligulate, bisexual florets, and cypselae are usually elongated and ribbed, often terminating in a conspicuous beak and crowned by a persistent pappus of plumose or scabrid bristles. Members are adapted to open grasslands, steppes, semi-deserts, and rocky slopes.

Epilasia (3), Gelasia (45), Geropogon (1), Koelpinia (4), Lipschitzia (1), Pseudopodospermum (44), Pterachaenia (2), Ramaliella (9), Scorzonera (85), Takhtajaniantha (14), Tourneuxia (1), Tragopogon (~130). 

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Warioniinae Subtribe

The Warioniinae is the smallest and most isolated subtribe of the Cichorieae in the Asteraceae family, consisting of a single, highly distinctive species found in northwestern Africa. Molecular studies have confirmed that it represents an early-diverging lineage within Cichorieae rather than belonging to a separate tribe. It consists of a single aromatic woody shrub (unusual in this tribe) with deeply lobed gray-green leaves, abundant milky latex, and flower heads made of yellow ligulate, bisexual florets and cypselae with a persistent pappus of fine white bristles.

Warionia (1).

Corymbioideae Subfamily:

This early-diverging monogeneric Asteraceae subfamily is a new recognition after modern molecular phylogenetic studies showed it to be one of the earliest branches, warranting their recognition as a distinct subfamily. They are all endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and are comprised of small perennial herbs with grass-like leaves and highly condensed flower heads in dense corymbose inflorescence. They are distinguished by their capitulum, which is reduced to a single floret enclosed by several overlapping bracts, making it a derived rather than primitive feature and very unique in the family.

Corymbium (7-9).

Dicomoideae Subfamily: Dicomeae Tribe:

This is another newly recognized Asteraceae subfamily that was formerly a tribe of the Carduoideae. The Dicomeae tribe is restricted to Africa and Madagascar, with no native representatives in the American continents. Members are perennial herbs, shrubs, and small trees with alternate and often densely hairy or leathery leaves adapted to dry habitats and are mostly armed with spines or thorn-like branches. Flower heads are discoid, and the involucral bracts are often rigid or spiny. Cypselae generally have a pappus of rough or feathery bristles for wind dispersal.

Cloiselia (4), Dicoma (35), Dicomopsis (1), Erythrocephalum (15), Gladiopappus (1), Macledium (19), Pasaccardoa (4), Pleiotaxis (34).

Dicomoideae Subfamily: Oldenburgieae Tribe:

This monogeneric Asteraceae tribe is endemic to southern Africa and is made of woody shrubs and small trees, fairly unusual in the family, with leathery leaves and relatively large, discoid flower heads. The involucral bracts are in numerous overlapping series, and the cypselae bear a well-developed pappus of bristles. Members are adapted to nutrient-poor, rocky habitats and exhibit several woody characteristics unusual within the family. Recent molecular phylogenetic evidence transferred it from the Carduoideae to this new family (Mandel et al. 2019).

Oldenburgia (4).

Famatinanthoideae Subfamily:

This is another one of the more recently recognized subfamilies in Asteraceae, having been established after research showed that Famatinanthus was an isolated early-diverging lineage distinct from other subfamilies. Like the earliest diverging lineage, the Barnadesioideae subfamily, this new group is also endemic to South America. However, it is a highly restricted subfamily that consists of a single species endemic to the Sierra de Famatina in the northwestern Andes of Argentina between 1,800 and 2,700 m elevation. Famatinanthus decussatus is a woody shrub with evergreen opposite leaves, solitary radiate flower heads, and cream-colored florets with unusual styles unlike any other in the Asteraceae family.

Famatinanthus (1).

Gochnatioideae Subfamily:

Gochnatioideae is a small, early-diverging Asteraceae subfamily restricted to the Americas, with a center of diversity in South America and significant additional diversity in the Caribbean, with some also found in Mexico and extending north into the southern United States. It consists of shrubs, small trees, and some perennial herbs. Members are characterized by alternate leaves, usually solitary or few-headed capitula, and short, rounded style branches that are glabrous on the back, a distinctive feature separating them from several related subfamilies. Flower heads are usually discoid, but some possess peripheral female florets that may give them a radiate appearance.

Anastraphia (33), Cnicothamnus (2), Cyclolepis (1), Gochnatia (17), Moquiniastrum (22), Nahuatlea (6), Pentaphorus (? or syn Gochnatia), Richterago (17), Tehuasca (1), and Vickia (1).

Gymnarrhenoideae Subfamily:

Gymnarrhenoideae is a small, early-diverging Asteraceae subfamily with a highly disjunct geographical and ecological distribution from the deserts of North Africa and the Middle East to the alpine habitats of the Himalayas. It consists of one annual and one perennial herb, which both share distinctive characteristics, including dimorphic capitula, functionally unisexual florets, basal leaf rosettes, and the absence of latex and spines.

Cavea (1), Gymnarrhena (1).

Hecastocleidoideae Subfamily:

Hecastocleidoideae is a small, early-diverging Asteraceae subfamily consisting of a single species of spiny, drought-adapted shrub. It has rigid, spine-tipped leaves, unusual clusters of single-flowered capitula (exceptionally rare and basal in the Asteraceae lineage), and deeply lobed, bisexual florets. The cypselae bear a reduced pappus of unequal scales rather than the bristles. The subfamily is endemic to the arid mountains of the southwestern United States, growing on dry rocky slopes, desert scrub, and open pinyon-juniper woodlands.

Hecastocleis (1).

Mutisioideae Subfamily: Mutisieae Tribe:

The Mutisieae tribe of the Asteraceae are almost predominantly in the Americas, with a center of diversity in the tropical and subtropical Andes of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina, but some do extend into North America and elsewhere. Members are primarily perennial herbs, although shrubs, vines, and small trees also occur. They usually have alternate leaves and small to often large, showy capitula with strongly bilabiate or deeply lobed corollas and flower heads that are often solitary or loosely arranged. Many species possess brightly colored ray florets for pollination by hummingbirds or large insects, while the disc florets are typically bisexual and tubular. The cypselae typically have a pappus of plumose or scabrid bristles for wind dispersal.

Adenocaulon (5), Amblysperma (1), Brachyclados (3), Chaetanthera (30), Chaptalia (69), Eriachaenium (1), Gerbera (24), Leibnitzia (6), Lulia (1), Mutisia (65), Oreoseris (12), Pachylaena (2), Perdicium (2), Trichocline (23).

Mutisioideae Subfamily: Nassauvieae Tribe:

Nassauvieae is an Asteraceae tribe that is almost entirely restricted to South America, where it is one of the dominant tribes of alpine, subalpine, and arid temperate habitats, but does extend north to the southern USA. It consists of perennial herbs, subshrubs, shrubs, and cushion-forming plants, often highly compact and adapted to dry, windy environments. Members have alternate leaves, often densely clustered, leathery, or spiny, and flower heads that are usually discoid with tubular, bisexual florets and ailed anthers. The corollas are typically bilabiate, and the cypselae bear a persistent pappus (plumose or scabrid) for wind dispersal.

Acourtia (81), Ameghinoa (1), Berylsimpsonia (2), Burkartia (1), Calopappus (? syn. Nassauvia), Cephalopappus (1), Criscia (1), Dolichlasium (1), Holocheilus (7), Jungia (30), Leucheria (36), Leunisia (1), Lophopappus (4), Macrachaenium (1), Marticorenia (1), Moscharia (2), Nassauvia (44), Oxyphyllum (1), Pamphalea (10), Perezia (33), Pleocarphus (1), Polyachyrus (??), Proustia (4), Triptilion (3), Trixis (45).

Mutisioideae Subfamily: Onoserideae Tribe:

The Onoserideae is another Asteraceae tribe restricted to the Americas, primarily South America along the Andes and in nearby dry lowland habitats, but a few species extend into Central America as far north as southern Mexico. Unlike other Mutisioideae, these are primarily annual and perennial herbs, with a few small trees, with alternate leaves that are often from basal rosettes or erect leafy stems and frequently have milky latex. Flower heads are made of tubular to bilabiate bisexual florets with long-tailed anthers and exserted styles. The cypselae are typically ribbed with a persistent pappus of plumose or scabrid bristles for wind dispersal.

Aphyllocladus (4), Chucoa (1), Gypothamnium (1), Lycoseris (11), Onoseris (31), Paquirea (1), Plazia (4), Urmenetea (1).

Pertyoideae Subfamily:

The Pertyoideae is a small Asteraceae subfamily restricted to Asia, with a center of diversity in eastern Asia extending from the Himalayas and Afghanistan east to Korea and Japan. Members are perennial herbs, subshrubs, and shrubs with alternate or basal leaves, solitary or few-headed capitula, and florets with deeply divided but weakly bilabiate corollas. Members possess short, often hairy or papillose style branches, and cypselae have a persistent pappus of bristles or scales.

Ainsliaea (60), Catamixis (1), Myripnois (1), Pertya (29).

Stifftioideae Subfamily:

The Stifftioideae is a small Asteraceae subfamily restricted to South America with a center of diversity in the Guiana Highlands and the mountains of southeastern Brazil. They are mostly shrubs and small trees with a few perennial herbs adapted to montane environments with alternate leaves. Flowers are large, discoid capitula made of tubular bisexual florets and long, deeply divided corollas that are often brightly colored for pollination by birds or large insects. The 10-ribbed cypselae typically have a persistent plumose pappus for wind dispersal.

Achnopogon (2), Duidaea (4), Eurydochus (1), Glossarion (2), Gongylolepis (14), Hyaloseris (7), Neblinaea (1), Quelchia (4), Salcedoa (1), Stifftia (6).

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Arctotideae Tribe:

The Arctotideae is an Asteraceae tribe with its center of diversity in southern Africa and Namibia, where most genera are native, except for Cymbonotus, which is native to Australia, and there are members found, mostly introduced, on the American continents. The Arctotideae are mostly annual and perennial herbs, subshrubs, and shrubs, frequently featuring adaptations to seasonally dry environments with deep roots and wooly leaves. They have alternate or basal leaves that are often densely hairy or silvery and radiate flower heads with conspicuous yellow, orange, white, or purple ray florets surrounding tubular disc florets. The involucres typically have spiny or scarious bracts, and the cypselae are frequently winged, flattened, or otherwise modified for seed dispersal.

Arctotheca (6), Arctotis (67), Berkheya (79), Berkheyopsis (1), Cullumia (16), Cuspidia (1), Cymbonotus (3), Didelta (2), Dymondia (1), Gazania (19), Gorteria (12), Haplocarpha (9), Heterolepis (4), Heterorhachis (2), Hirpicium (? syn Gorteria).

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Eremothamneae Tribe:

The Eremothamneae is an Asteraceae tribe that is entirely restricted to southern Africa, with both genera endemic to the Namib Desert region. They are evergreen, drought-adapted shrubs with rigid, often dense and spiny branches, small alternate leaves, and other xerophytic adaptations to survive in arid environments. They have discoid capitula made of tubular bisexual florets and involucres made of numerous overlapping bracts, while the cypselae have a persistent bristly pappus for wind dispersal.

Eremothamnus (1), Hoplophyllum (2).

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Liabeae Tribe:

The Liabeae are another Asteraceae tribe that is restricted to the Americas, with a center of diversity in the moist montane forests of the tropical Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, although they extend into Mexico. They are perennial herbs, shrubs, small trees, or climbing plants with opposite leaves (uncommon in the Asteraceae), with many species containing white latex. They usually have radiate or sometimes discoid capitula made of yellow or orange ray florets surrounding tubular bisexual disc florets. Cypselae have a pappus of capillary or scabrid bristles for wind dispersal.

Austroliabum (3), Bishopanthus (2), Cacosmia (3), Chionopappus (1), Chrysactinium (7), Dillandia (3), Erato (5),

Ferreyranthus (8), Liabellum (? or Sinclairia), Liabum (37), Microliabum (3), Munnozia (44), Oligactis (6), Paranephelius (3), Philoglossa (5), Pseudonoseris (4), Sampera (8), Sinclairia (29).

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Moquinieae Tribe:

The Moquinieae is yet another small Asteraceae tribe entirely restricted to South America, in eastern Brazil in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest regions. They are shrubs and small trees with alternate, leathery leaves adapted to seasonally dry habitats. They have discoid capitula made of tubular bisexual florets and style branches with sweeping hairs common in the subfamily. The cypselae have numerous capillary bristles for wind dispersal.

Moquinia (1-2) and Pseudostifftia (1).

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Platycarpheae Tribe:

The Platycarpheae are a geographically restricted Asteraceae tribe found only in southern Africa. Members are perennial herbs with basal rosettes of broad, often spiny-margined leaves and solitary discoid capitula made of tubular bisexual florets and involucres made of numerous overlapping bracts. Cypselae have a persistent pappus of bristles.

Platycarpha (1), Platycarphella (2).

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Vernonieae Tribe:

The Vernonieae is the largest tribe in this Asteraceae subfamily. It has a major center of diversity in tropical Africa, with additional major centers in South America (especially Brazil), Madagascar, and tropical Asia. It can be found throughout the Americas, though diversity declines at higher latitudes. The tribe is composed mainly of perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees with the occasional vine, all with alternate leaves. They have discoid capitula made of tubular bisexual florets, usually in purple, pink, lavender, or white, and they have style branches with sweeping hairs to aid in pollen presentation. The cypselae are typically crowned with a capillary or scabrid pappus for wind dispersal.
NOTE: Vernonieae has undergone one of the most extensive generic revisions in the Asteraceae. Historically, a large proportion of its species were placed in the broadly defined genus Vernonia. Modern morphological and molecular studies have demonstrated that the genus was polyphyletic in the Asteraceae, and new genera were split out among numerous Asteraceae subtribes, but here we leave it at the tribal level.

Acanthodesmos (2), Acilepidopsis (1), Acilepis (37), Adenoon (1), Aedesia (3), Ageratinastrum (4), Albertinia (1), Allocephalus (1), Ambassa (1), Ananthura (1), Anteremanthus (2), Baccharoides (26), Bechium (3), Blanchetia (2), Bolanosa (1), Bothriocline (62), Brachythrix (6), Brenandendron (3), Caatinganthus (2), Cabobanthus (2), Camchaya (11), Centauropsis (8), Centratherum (3), Chresta (18), Chronopappus (2), Chrysolaena (19), Cololobus (2-5), Critoniopsis (87), Cyanthillium (12), Cyrtocymura (6), Dasyandantha (1), Dasyanthina (2), Decaneuropsis (15), Decastylocarpus (1), Dewildemania (7), Diaphractanthus (1), Dipterocypsela (1), Distephanus (44), Echinocoryne (6), Eirmocephala (3), Ekmania (1), Elephantopus (21), Eremanthus (25), Erlangea (12), Ethulia (15), Gorceixia (1), Gutenbergia (25), Gymnanthemum (35), Harleya (1), Herderia (1), Hesperomannia (4), Heterocoma (6), Heterocypsela (2), Hilliardiella (10), Hoffmannanthus (1), Hololepis (2), Huberopappus (1), Hystrichophora (1), Jeffreycia (5), Khasianthus (1), Kinghamia (5), Koyamasia (2), Kurziella (1), Lachnorhiza (3), Lampropappus (3), Lepidaploa (156), Lepidonia (9), Lessingianthus (145), Linzia (9), Lychnophora (33), Lychnophorella (11), Manyonia (1), Maschalostachys (2), Mattfeldanthus (2), Mesanthophora (2), Minasia (7), Monosis (8), Msuata (1), Muschleria (1), Myanmaria (1), Neurolakis (1), Nothovernonia (2), Okia (2), Oliganthes (10), Omphalopappus (1), Oocephala (4), Orbivestus (13), Orthopappus (1), Pacourina (1), Paralychnophora (6), Parapolydora (2), Paurolepis (1), Phyllocephalum (6), Piptocarpha (53), Piptocoma (18), Piptolepis (21), Pleurocarpaea (2), Prestelia (3), Proteopsis (2), Pseudelephantopus (2), Pseudopiptocarpha (4), Pulicarioidea (1), Quechualia (4), Rastrophyllum (2), Rolandra (1), Roquea (1), Soaresia (1), Spiracantha (1), Stenocephalum (8), Stilpnopappus (21), Stokesia (1), Stramentopappus (2), Strobocalyx (10), Struchium (1), Tarlmounia (1), Telmatophila (1), Trepadonia (2), Trichospira (1), Vernonanthura (72), Vernonella (11), Vernonia (325), Vernoniastrum (13), Vickianthus (10), Vinicia (1), Xiphochaeta (1).

Wunderlichioideae Subfamily:

The Wunderlichioideae is one of the earliest diverging Asteraceae subfamilies, containing the Hyalideae and the Wunderlichieae tribes, but they are morphologically similar enough to treat at the subfamily level. The Wunderlichioideae has an interesting disjunct distribution from the Guiana Highlands and eastern Brazil to eastern Asia. It is a small subfamily of mostly shrubs and small trees with alternate leaves, with a few perennial herbs adapted to seasonally dry or montane environments. Members have discoid capitula made of tubular bisexual florets, glabrous style branches, and cypselae with a pappus of numerous bristles.

Chimantaea (9), Hyalis (2), Ianthopappus (1), Leucomeris (3), Nouelia (? or syn. Leucomeris), Stenopadus (15), Stomatochaeta (6), Wunderlichia (7).

Key Differences From Similar Families

Fortunately, the Asteraceae are generally pretty easy to recognize at the family level because of their unique composite flower heads that come in radiate, discoid, or ligulate forms. This, combined with cypselae, is typically more than enough to identify a member of the Asteraceae. However, some other families have certain genera or species that do resemble the Asteraceae.

• Apiaceae / carrot family is sometimes confused with Asteraceae because both can have many small flowers in a flat-topped or rounded cluster. Apiaceae flowers are arranged in umbels, while Asteraceae flowers are packed into capitula/head-like flower clusters.
• Dipsacaceae / teasel family also sometimes resemble Asteraceae because they also have dense, head-like inflorescences. However, their flowers are not arranged in true composite heads with involucral bracts and cypselae in the same way.
• Campanulaceae / bellflower family have some genera that may superficially resemble Asteraceae, which is unsurprising since both the Campanulaceae and Asteraceae are closely related as part of the Asterales order. However, Campanulaceae flowers are usually more clearly individual, often bell-shaped or tubular, and not arranged into true capitula.
• Goodeniaceae is a small family that can resemble Asteraceae because some species have daisy-like heads or irregular petal arrangements. However, Goodeniaceae often have fan-shaped corollas and a distinctive pollen-presenting style cup called an indusium.
• Calyceraceae is probably the closest lookalike family to the Asteraceae since it also has dense heads and an involucre, but it is a smaller South American family and lacks the classic combination of Asteraceae characters.
• Caprifoliaceae also has some members, especially those formerly placed in Dipsacaceae, that may produce flowers that resemble Asteraceae heads. They differ in floral structure, fruit type, and the lack of true composite capitula.
• Amaranthaceae is sometimes confused, especially with Ambrosia and other hay fever-type plants, but they can quickly be differentiated by their free stamens and fruits that lack a pappus.

Distribution of the Asteraceae

The Asteraceae are the most cosmopolitan plant family in the entire world. Asteraceae are common features in landscapes ranging from from sub-polar and high alpine regions to arid deserts and the tropics. 

In the Americas, the Asteraceae can be found from Arctic Canada and Greenland south through to the southernmost point of South America, with several major subfamily and tribe centers of diversity in North, South, and Central America. 

Distribution of the Asteraceae Family in the Americas

Canadian Asteraceae Genera Include:

Canadian Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily Genera:

Asteroideae Subfamily: Anthemideae Tribe in Canada: Achillea 7 spp. native throughout all of Canada, including the Arctic (and Greenland); Anthemis 2 spp. intro to BC, AB, YT, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, and NL (exc. Labrador); Arctanthemum 1 N temperate sp. native to BC, MB, ON, QC, YT, NT, and NU; Artemisia 28 spp. cosmopolitan genus native to all of Canada, including the Arctic (and Greenland), but intro in PE; Chrysanthemum 1 sp. intro and ephemeral ON; Cladanthus 1 sp. intro to BC?; Cota 1 sp. intro BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, NL (exc. Labrador); Cotula 2 spp. intro to BC, QC, NB, NS, PE; Glebionis 2 spp. intro to ON, QC, NB, NS, PE?, ephemeral NL Is; Hulteniella 1 sp. native BC, YT, NT, NU, QC; Leucanthemella 1 sp. intro ON, QC; Leucanthemum 2 spp. intro all of Canada inc. Arctic; Matricaria 2 spp. native to BC and introduced to the rest of Canada, including. Arctic (and Greenland); Soliva 1 sp. introduced to BC; Tanacetum 4 spp. native to all of Canada, inc. Arctic, but introduced to Labrador, NS, PE; Tripleurospermum 2 spp. native to YT, NT, NU (& GL), MB, ON, QC, NL Island and introduced to Labrador, NB, NS, PE, BC, AB, SK.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Astereae Tribe in Canada: Almutaster monospecific NAM endemic sp. native to AB, SK, MB, NT; Aster 1 N temperate sp. native to BC, AB, YT, NT, ON, QC?; Baccharis 1 sp. native to NS; Bellis 1 sp. intro to BC, NT, ON, QC, NB, NS, NL (exc. Labrador); Boltonia 1 sp. native to SK, MB; Canadanthus monospecific N NAM endemic sp. native to BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, YT, NT; Chrysothamnus 1 sp. of a mostly W NAM endemic genus native to BC; Dieteria 1 sp. W NAM endemic genus native to BC, AB, SK; Doellingeria 3 spp. former N NAM endemic genus native to all of S provinces exc. Labrador, 1 sp now intro Great Britain; Ericameria 2 spp. W+C NAM endemic genus native to BC, AB, SK; Erigeron 47 spp. cosmopolitan genus native to all of Canada inc. the Arctic (& Greenland); Eucephalus 1? sp. NW NAM endemic genus native to BC, AB (Canadensys considers it syn. of Doellingeria); Eurybia 9 spp. N temperate genus native to all of Canada, inc. the Arctic; Euthamia 3-4 spp. former NAM endemic genus native to all of S Canada exc. Labrador and inc. NT, 1 sp now introduced to Europe; Grindelia 4 spp. native to BC, AB, SK, MB, NT, intro ON, QC?; Gutierrezia 1 sp. native to AB, SK, MB, NT?; Heterotheca 1 sp. native to BC, AB, SK, MB, ON; Ionactis 2 spp. NAM endemic genus native BC, QC, NB, NL Island?; Machaeranthera 1 sp. native to AB; Nestotus 1 sp. NAM endemic genus, endemic to YT; Oclemena 3 spp. native to ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, NL; Pityopsis 1 sp. intro to ON; Pyrrocoma 3 spp. native to BC, AB, SK, NT; Sericocarpus 1 sp. native to BC; Solidago 59 spp. native to all of Canada, inc. Arctic; Stenotus 1 sp. native to SK; Symphyotrichum 53 spp. native to all of Canada, including the Arctic: Tonestus 1 sp. NW NAM endemic genus native BC, AB; Townsendia 4 spp. native BC, AB, SK, MB, YT; Xanthisma 3 spp. native AB, SK, MB, ON?.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Bahieae Tribe in Canada: Hymenopappus 1 sp. NAM endemic genus native to AB, SK; Picradeniopsis 1 sp. intro. to AB and SK.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Calenduleae Tribe in Canada: Calendula 2 spp. intro & ephemeral ON, QC, BC? MB?, NS?, NB?, NL Island?; Dimorphotheca 1 sp. intro/ephemeral NL Island.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Chaenactideae Tribe in Canada: Chaenactis 1 sp. W NAM endemic genus native to BC, AB, SK?.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Coreopsideae Tribe in Canada: Bidens 16 spp. cosmopolitan genus native to most of Canada, including the Arctic, but exc. Labrador; Coreopsis 6 spp. former Americas endemic genus native BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, NS, NB?, intro QC; Cosmos 1 sp. former Americas endemic genus intro ON, QC; Thelesperma 1 sp. native AB, SK?. 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Doroniceae Tribe in Canada: Doronicum 2 spp. intro BC, NL Island?.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Eupatorieae Tribe in Canada: Ageratina 1 sp. native to ON, QC, NB, NS, SK?, NT?; Brickellia 2 spp. native to BC, AB; Conoclinium 1 sp. ephemeral native to ON; Eupatorium 4 spp. subcosmopolitan genus native MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, intro to BC; Eutrochium 4 spp. NAM genus native to all S provinces, exc. Labrador; Liatris 9 spp. former NAM endemic genus native AB, SK, MB, ON, and intro to QC, NS?; Mikania 1 sp. ephemeral ON.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Gnaphalieae Tribe in Canada: Anaphalis 1 sp. native to most of Canada, incl. Arctic, exc. NU;  Antennaria 25 spp. mostly N temperate genus native to all of Canada, inc. the Arctic (& Greenland); Filago 2 spp. intro to BC and SK; Gamochaeta 2 spp. native to BC, extirpated ON; Gnaphalium 2 spp. cosmopolitan genus native BC, AB, SK, intro YT, NT, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, NL (exc. Labrador); Logfia 2 spp. intro BC, SK, ON; Omalotheca 3 spp. intro BC, native ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, NL (& GL); Pseudognaphalium 4 spp. native BC, AB, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, SK?, MB?; Psilocarphus 3 spp. native BC, AB, SK.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Helenieae Tribe in Canada: Gaillardia 2 spp. native to BC, AB, SK, MB, intro YT, NT, ON, QC, and subcosmopolitan; Helenium 2 spp. native to BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NT, and intro to NS; Hymenoxys 1 sp. native AB, SK; Tetraneuris 2 spp. native to AB, SK, ON.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Heliantheae Tribe in Canada: Ambrosia 6 spp. native to BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, and QC and intro to NT, NB, NS, PE, NL, and ~cosmopolitan; Balsamorhiza 4 spp. NW NAM endemic genus native to BC, AB; Echinacea 3 spp. native to SK, MB, intro ON; Eclipta 1 sp. native to ON and intro cosmopolitan; Euphrosyne 1 sp. native to the southern provinces exc. All Atlantic provinces exc. NS (POWO, not in Canadensys); Helianthella 1 sp. native to BC; Helianthus 15 spp. native to BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, intro. to YT, NT?, PE, ephemeral NL Island; Heliopsis 1 sp. native to SK, MB, ON, QC, intro BC, NB, PE?, ephemeral NL Island; Iva 2 spp. native BC, AB, SK, MB, NS; Ratibida 2 spp. native BC, AB, SK, MB, ON; Rudbeckia 5 spp. native to SK, MB, ON, QC, NS, PE, and intro BC, AB, NB, NL Island; Silphium 4 spp. native ON intro QC; Verbesina 1 sp. native to ON; Wyethia 1 sp. W NAM endemic genus native to BC and AB? (POWO, Canadensys shows ephemeral BC); Xanthium 2 spp. native to all of S Canada, exc. NL, genus now intro cosmopolitan.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Inuleae Tribe in Canada: Dittrichia 1 sp. intro NB, NS; Inula 3 spp. intro. to BC, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, NL Island?; Pentanema 1 sp. intro QC and ON.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Madieae Tribe in Canada: Anisocarpus 1 sp. W NAM endemic genus native to BC; Arnica 18 spp. N temperate genus native to all of Canada, inc. the Arctic (& Greenland); Blepharipappus monospecific W NAM endemic sp native BC?; Eriophyllum 1 sp. mostly W USA endemic genus native BC; Hemizonella monospecific W NAM endemic genus native BC; Lasthenia 2 spp. native BC; Layia 1 sp. native BC?; Madia 5 spp. native to BC, YT?, intro AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NL Island?.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Millerieae Tribe in Canada: Acanthospermum 1 former neoendemic sp. intro ON; Galinsoga 2 spp. intro BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, and PE, and ephemeral NL Is.; Guizotia 1 sp. intro ephemeral ON.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Plucheeae Tribe in Canada: Pluchea 1 sp. intro ON.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Polymnieae Tribe in Canada: Polymnia 1 sp. native ON.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Senecioneae Tribe: Arnoglossum 1 sp. E NAM endemic genus native to ON; Cacaliopsis monospecific NW NAM endemic native to BC; Crocidium monospecific W NAM endemic native to BC; Erechtites 1 sp. native to ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, SK?, and NL Is.?; Jacobaea 1 sp. intro. BC, SK?, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, NL Island; Luina 1 sp. W NAM endemic genus native BC; Packera 21 spp. N temperate genus native to all of Canada, inc. the Arctic; Petasites 3 spp. N temperate genus native to all of Canada including the Arctic; Senecio 16 spp. native to all of Canada, inc. Arctic but intro PE (& Greenland); Tephroseris 5 spp. N temperate genus native to all of Canada, inc. the Arctic and Labrador but exc. other Atlantic provs; Tetradymia 1 sp. W NAM endemic genus native BC; Tussilago 1 sp. intro BC, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, NL.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Tageteae Tribe: Dyssodia 1 sp. native ON & intro AB, SK, MB, QC, NB; Jaumea 1 sp. native BC, also in W USA and another species is disjunct in SE South America; Tagetes 2 spp. ephemeral intro to QC, ON?.

Canadian Carduoideae Subfamily Genera Include:

Carduoideae Subfamily: Cardueae Tribe: Amberboa 1 sp. intro BC?; Arctium 5 spp. Eurasian intro to most of Canada exc. YT, NU, and Labrador; Carduus 4 spp. intro to all of S Canada exc. PE and Labrador, and ephemeral NL Is.; Carthamus 2 spp. intro to BC, AB, SK?; Centaurea 15 spp. intro to all of S Canada exc. Labrador and inc. YT (& Greenland); Cirsium 18 spp. N hemisphere genus native to all of Canada, exc. NU where intro (& native Greenland); Echinops 2 spp. intro to BC, MB, ON, QC, and NB, and ephemeral SK; Onopordum 1 sp. intro to BC, ON, QC, NB, NS, MB?, ephemeral NL Island; Rhaponticum 1 sp. intro BC, AB, SK, MB, ON;Saussurea 4 spp. N temperate genus native BC, AB, YT, NT, NU; Silybum 1 sp. intro BC, AB, ON, QC, NB, NS, ephemeral SK.

Canadian Asteraceae: Cichorioideae Subfamily Genera:

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Chondrillinae Subtribe: Chondrilla 1 sp. intro to BC and ON.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Cichoriinae Subtribe: Arnoseris monospecific intro to NB, NS, PE?; Cichorium 2 spp. intro to all of S Canada.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Crepidinae Subtribe: Askellia 2 spp. N temperate genus native to BC, AB, MB, NL, YT, NT, NU, SK?, and intro ON; Crepis 12 spp. cosmopolitan genus native BC, AB, SK, MB, and intro to YT, NT, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, Labrador (& Greenland), and ephemeral intro on NL Is.; Lapsana 1 sp. intro. most of S provinces (& Greenland) exc. Labrador, ephemeral PE; Nabalus 8 spp. native to all the S provinces; Taraxacum 14 spp. native and intro to most of Canada inc. the Arctic (& Greenland), and intro in NB, NS, PE 

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hieraciinae Subtribe: Hieracium 21 spp. native to most of Canada, inc. the Arctic (& Greenland), but exc. NU; Pilosella 7 spp. intro to all of the southern provinces.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hyoseridinae Subtribe: Sonchus 4 spp. intro to all of Canada inc. the Arctic (& Greenland), but ephemeral in Labrador.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hypochaeridinae Subtribe: Helminthotheca 1 species, is intro to BC, AB, SK, ON, NB, NS; Hypochaeris 2 spp. intro to BC, SK?, ON, QC, NB, NS, NL Island; Leontodon 2 spp. intro BC, ON; Picris 1 sp. intro BC, ON, Labrador; Scorzoneroides 1 sp. intro BC, NT, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, NL (& Greenland).

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Lactucinae Subtribe: Lactuca 9 spp. native all of S provinces, intro YT, NT.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Microseridinae Subtribe: Agoseris 7 spp. native to most of Canada, inc. Arctic, exc. NU, NB, NS, PE, NL, and 1 sp. now intro to Sweden; Krigia 3 spp. native to MB, ON, NL Island?, and intro to BC; Lygodesmia 1 sp. native to BC, AB, SK, MB; Microseris 3 spp. native to BC, AB; Nothocalais 2 spp. native to BC, AB, SK, MB; Shinnersoseris monospecific C NAM endemic genus native AB, SK, MB; Stephanomeria 3 spp. native BC, AB, SK; Uropappus monospecific W NAM endemic genus native BC. 

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Scorzonerinae Subtribe: Tragopogon 7 spp. native ON?, but intro to rest of Canada exc. NU and Labrador.

Canadian Asteraceae: Mutisioideae Subfamily Genera:

Mutisioideae Subfamily: Mutisieae Tribe: Adenocaulon 1 N NAM endemic sp. of an Americas and Asia genus native to BC, AB, ON.

Canadian Asteraceae: Vernonioideae Subfamily Genera:

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Vernonieae Tribe: Vernonia 3 spp. native to MB, ON, SK?.

USA Asteraceae Genera Include:

USA Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily Genera:

Asteroideae Subfamily: Anthemideae Tribe: Achillea 8 spp. both native and introduced found throughout all of the USA, inc. AK, and intro to HI; Anacyclus 1 sp. intro to PA; Anthemis 6 spp. intro throughout the USA, inc. AK and HI; Arctanthemum 1 N temperate sp. native to AK; Argyranthemum 2 spp. intro to CA; Artemisia 55 spp. cosmopolitan genus native and intro in all of the USA, including AK and HI; Chamaemelum 2 spp. intro to OR, CA, IA, IL, IN, OH, MI, PA, NJ, DE, NY, CT, NC, FL; Chrysanthemum 2 spp. intro CA, OH, PA, NY, MA, and native AK?; Cladanthus 1 sp. intro to OR, NY, OH, PA, NJ, NC, FL; Cota 1 sp. intro to WA, OR, CA, ID, UT, WY, ND, SD, MN, IA, MO, AR, IL, IN, MI, OH, PA, VA, WV, MD, DE, NJ, NY, CT, MA, RI, VT, NH, ME; Cotula 3 spp. intro to WA, OR, CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, TX, FL, NC, MA, ME, and AK and HI; Delwiensia monospecific narrow C USA endemic of CO, WY, NM; Glebionis 2 spp. intro OR, CA, AZ, CO, LA, AL, FL, SC, NC, VA, MD, OH, PA, NY, CT, MA, VT, ME and AK; Glyptopleura 2 spp. W USA endemic genus of  OR, ID, CA, NV, UT, AZ; Heteranthemis 1 sp. intro CA; Hulteniella 1 sp. intro AK; Ismelia 1 sp. Intro CA; Lasiospermum 1 sp. intro CA; Leucanthemella 1 sp. intro to MN, WI, MI, NY, CT; Leucanthemum 4 spp. intro in all of USA, inc. AK and HI; Matricaria 4 spp. native and intro most of USA exc. AL, GA, FL, and intro AK; Nipponanthemum 1 sp. introduced in NY, CT, NJ; Oncosiphon 2 spp. intro OR, CA, AZ; Pentzia 1 sp. intro. in AZ, NM; Picrothamnus 1 sp. native W USA MT So to NM and all W exc. W, or may be syn. of Artemisia; Santolina 1 sp intro CA, LA, GA, SC, NC, MA; Soliva 2 spp. intro. to WA, OR, CA, AZ, TX, OK, AR, LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, TN, VA, and HI; Sphaeromeria 7 spp. native to OR, CA, NV, ID, MT, UT, WY, CO (or syn. Artemisia); Tanacetum 7 spp. native and intro most of the USA inc. AK exc. TX, FL, GA, and introduced in HI; Tripleurospermum 2 spp. are native and intro to most of the USA and AK but exc. AZ, TX, OK, AR, LA, MS, FL, GA, SC, NC, TN, IN, VA, WV, VT.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Astereae Tribe: Acamptopappus 2 spp. SW USA endemic genus of CA, NV, UT, AZ; Adeia 2 spp. W USA endemic genus of OR and CA (POWO – not in USDA); Adiaphila monospecific SW USA endemic genus of CA and NV (POWO – not in USDA); Almutaster monospecific NAM endemic sp. native to CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, CO, WY, MT, ND, SD; Ampelaster monospecific SE USA endemic of MS, FL, GA, SC, NC; Amphiachyris 2 spp. S USA endemic genus of NM, TX (1 endemic), OK, NE, KS, IA, MO, AR, LA, MS, AL, SC, TN, KY, IL, IN, OH, PA, VA; Amphipappus monospecific SW USA endemic of CA, NV, UT, AZ; Aphanostephus 5 spp. S NAM endemic genus native AZ, NM, TX, OK, KS, AR, LA, FL, inc. 1 sp. endemic to OK + TX, but one species now intro Puerto Rico; Aster 2 spp., including 1 native to ID, WY, CO, and AK, and 1 intro to CO, IA, IL, MI, OH, PA, NJ, CT, RI, MA, KY, TN, WV, VA, DE, NC, SC, GA, AL; Astranthium 3 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to KS, OK, TX, MO, AR, KY, TN, WV, NC, MS, AL, GA, inc. 1 sp. endemic to SE USA; Baccharis 22 spp. native to S USA from CA E to NJ exc. MO, IL, KY, IN, OH, WV and inc. OR, NY, CT, RI, MA; Bellis 1 sp. intro WA, CA, OR, ID, MT, UT, ND, MN, and NE states from WI S to TN and all E of that plus AK and HI; Benitoa monospecific endemic of CA; Bigelowia 2 spp. SE USA endemic genus of TX, LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC; Boltonia 6 spp. former NAM endemic genus native to most of E USA from ND S to TX and all E exc WV, NH, and OR and ID, includes 4 spp. endemic to the USA; Bradburia 2 spp. SE USA endemic genus of KA, OK, TX, MO, AR, LA, TN, MS; Brintonia monospecific SE USA endemic genus of LA, MS, AL, GA, FL; Callistephus 1 sp. intro WI, MI, PA, NY, CT, ME; Calotis 1 sp. intro MA; Canadanthus monospecific N NAM endemic sp. native to WA, OR, ID, MT, MN, MI, and AK; Chaetopappa 8 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to CA, NV, UT, AZ, WY, CO, NM, NE, KS, OK, TX, MO, AR, LA, SC, inc. 4 spp. endemic to USA, 3 of which are narrow endemics of TX; Chloracantha monospecific S NAM + CAM endemic sp. native to CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, TX, OK, LA; Chrysoma monospecific SE USA endemic of MS, AL, GA, SC, NC, FL; Chrysopsis 10 spp. S+E USA endemic genus of KS, OK, TX, MO, AR, LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, VA, WV, TN, KY, OH, PA, MD, DE, NJ, NY, RI; Chrysothamnus 9 spp. of mostly W NAM endemic genus native to most of the W USA from ND S to TX and all W exc. ND, SD, inc. 7 spp. endemic to W USA and 1 sp. now intro to Dominican Republic; Columbiadoria monospecific, narrow NW USA endemic of WA, OR; Corethrogyne monospecific W NAM endemic sp. native OR, CA; Croptilon 3 spp. S NAM endemic genus native KS, OK, TX, AR, LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, VA, inc. 2 spp. endemic to S USA which inc. 1 narrow endemic of TX; Cuniculotinus monospecific narrow endemic of CA, NV; Dichaetophora monospecific S NAM endemic sp. native to TX; Dieteria 4 spp. W NAM endemic genus native to W USA from ND S to TX and all W exc. OK, inc. 2 spp. endemic to W + C USA; Doellingeria 3 spp. former N NAM endemic genus native to most of the E USA from ND S to TX and all E exc. KS, 1 species now intro to Great Britain; Eastwoodia monospecific narrow endemic of CA; Egletes 1 sp. native to TX; Ericameria 33 spp. W+C NAM endemic genus native in all of W USA from ND S to TX and all W plus WV, most of which are endemic to W USA; Erigeron 179 spp. cosmopolitan genus native and intro in all of USA, native in AK and intro to HI;  Eucephalus 10 spp. NW NAM endemic genus native to WA, OR, CA, NV, ID, MT, WY, CO; Eurybia 26 spp. N temperate genus native in most of the USA, inc. AK, but exc. ND, NE; Euthamia 13 spp. former NAM endemic genus native in all of USA, inc. 9 endemic to USA with one being a narrow endemic of OK, 1 sp. also now intro Europe; Grindelia 28 spp. native to most of the USA exc. FL, GA, SC, NC, WV; Gutierrezia 10 spp. native to W USA from MN S to LA and all W exc. IA and inc. IL, OH, SC, NY; Gymnosperma monospecific S NAM + Guatemala endemic sp. native to AZ, NM, TX; Hazardia 7 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native OR, CA, NV, inc. 4 narrow endemics of CA (3), CA + NV (1); Helodeaster 3 spp. Narrow endemic genus of HI;  Heterotheca ~40 spp. native to most of the USA except WV, RI, MA, VT, NH, and ME and introduced to HI, includes several endemics, especially in CA; Ionactis 5-6 spp. NAM endemic genus native to much of the USA exc. AZ, CO, ND, SD, NE, MI, includes 4 endemics; Isocoma 10 spp. native to CA, NV, UT, AZ, CO, NM, TX, includes 3 endemics; Laennecia 6 spp. native to CA, NV, AZ, UT, CO, NM, TX; Lessingia 12 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native, including 10 endemics of CA, NV, AZ; Leucosyris 7 spp. native to CA, NV, UT, CO, AZ, NM, and TX; Lorandersonia 6 spp. S-C NAM endemic genus native to MT, WY, UT, AZ, CO, NM, KS, OK, and TX, including 4 narrow endemics; Machaeranthera 2 spp. NAM endemic genus native to most of W USA from SD S to TX and all W except for WA, OR, and ID; Medranoa 1 sp. native to TX, mostly Mexico genus; Monoptilon 2 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native to CA, NV, UT, AZ, includes 1 endemic; Nestotus 2 spp. NAM endemic genus native and endemic to WA, OR, CA, ID, NV, MT; Oclemena 3 spp. native to E USA from MI S to AL and all states E exc IN; Oonopsis 6 spp. Narrow US endemic of MT, WY, CO, SD, NE, KS; Oreochrysum monospecific S-C NAM endemic native to NV, UT, AZ, WY, CO, NM; Oreostemma 3 spp. W USA endemic genus native to WA, OR, CA, NV, ID, MT, WY; Pentachaeta 6 spp., inc. 5 endemics native to CA; Petradoria monospecific endemic genus native to CA, NV, UT, AZ, ID, WY, CO, and NM; Pityopsis 7 spp. native to OK, TX, AR, LA, AL, MS, GA, FL, SC, NC, TN, KY, VA, WV, MD, DE, OH, NJ, NY, CT, RI, and MA, including several endemics; Psilactis 5 spp. native to AZ, NM, and TX, including 1 endemic; Pyrrocoma 15 spp. native to W USA from MT S to NM and all W plus ND; Rayjacksonia 3 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to WY, CO, NM, NE, KS, OK, TX, LA, and FL, including 2 endemics; Remya 3 spp. endemic genus of HI; Rigiopappus monospecific W USA endemic of WA, OR, CA, ID, NV, UT; Sericocarpus 5-6 spp. native WA, OR, CA, LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, VA, KY, TN, IN, OH, MI, WV, MD, DE, PA, NJ, NY, CT, RI, MA, VT, NH, ME, including 4-5 endemics; Solidago 75 spp. native to all of USA, including AK, and intro in HI; Stenotus 3 spp. W NAM endemic genus native to W USA MT S to NM and all W plus ND, SD, NE, KS; Symphyotrichum 87 spp. native to all of the USA, inc. AK, and intro in HI; Tetramolopium 11 spp. native to HI; Thurovia monospecific narrow endemic genus of TX; Toiyabea 4 spp. narrow endemic genus of CA and NV; Tonestus 2 spp. native W USA MT S to NM and all W exc. AZ and UT; Townsendia 27 spp. native in W USA ND S to TX and all W, inc. AK; Tracyina monospecific narrow endemic of CA; Tripolium 1 sp. intro. to PA, NY; Xanthisma 1 sp. native AZ, NM, TX, OK; Xanthocephalum 1 sp. native AZ, TX; Xylorhiza 8 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to CA, NV, UT, AZ, MT, WY, CO, TX, SD, mostly endemic; Xylothamia 1-2 spp. S NAM endemic genus native TX.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Athroismeae Tribe: Centipeda 1 sp. intro PA, MA.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Bahieae Tribe: Bahia 6 spp. native and intro CA, NV, UT, AZ, WY, CO, NM, TX, MD, POWO says syn. of Eriophyllum; Bartlettia monospecific S NAM endemic sp. native NM, TX;  Chamaechaenactis monospecific S-C USA endemic sp. of WY, CO, NM, UT, AZ; Florestina 1 former NAM + CAM endemic spp. native to TX, introduced to HI; Hymenopappus 10 spp. native to all W USA ND S to TX and all W plus MO, AR, LA, MS, Al, GA, SC, FL, IL, IN; Hymenothrix 3 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to CA, NV, AZ, NM, TX; Palafoxia 10 spp native CA E to MO and all states S plus WY MS, GA, FL, MA and intro HI; Peucephyllum monospecific SW NAM endemic native to CA, NV, UT, AZ; Picradeniopsis 2 spp. native to MT S to NM and ND S to TX plus AZ; Platyschkuhria monospecific endemic of MT, WY, CO, NM, UT, AZ; Psathyrotopsis 1 sp. native to NM, TX; Schkuhria  2 spp. native and intro CA, AZ, CO, NM, TX, MD, MA.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Calenduleae Tribe: Calendula 2 spp. intro WA, CA, WI, MI, OH, PA, NY, CT, MA, NH, ME; Dimorphotheca 4 spp. intro OR, CA, AZ; Osteospermum 3 spp. intro to CA, NM?, and HI;

Asteroideae Subfamily: Chaenactideae Tribe: Chaenactis 18 W NAM endemic spp. native to W USA from MT S to NM and all W plus ND, SD, NY, and MA, including 9 spp. endemic to W USA, 5 of which are narrow endemics of CA (2), WA (1), ID (1), OR (1); Dimeresia monospecific W USA endemic sp of OR, ID, CA, NV; Orochaenactis monospecific narrow endemic of CA. 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Coreopsideae Tribe:  Bidens 48 spp. of cosmopolitan genus native and intro in all of the USA, Inc. AK and HI; Coreocarpus  1 sp. S NAM endemic genus native AZ; Coreopsis 34 spp. former Americas endemic genus native to most of the USA exc. NV and UT, and intro HI; Cosmos 4 spp. former Americas endemic genus native and intro to much of the USA exc. OR, WA, ID, NV, MT, ND, SD, NE, IA, IN, MS, VT; Dahlia 1 sp. intro to MS, NC; Dicranocarpus monospecific SE NAM endemic genus native to NM, TX; Fitchia 1 sp. S-C Pacific Is. genus now intro HI; Heterosperma 1 sp. native to AZ, NM, CO, TX, MD, MA; Thelesperma 12 spp. native to W USA MN S to LA and all W exc IA, WA, ID, and inc IL, MS, MI, IN.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Doroniceae Tribe: Doronicum 2 spp. introduced in WA, OR, and MA.  

Asteroideae Subfamily: Eupatorieae Tribe: Adenostemma 1 sp. pantropical genus native to HI; Ageratina 14 spp. former Americas endemic genus native and introduced to most of the USA, except WY, and introduced to HI; Ageratum 4 spp. former Americas endemic genus native to AZ, NM, TX, and FL, and now introduced to CA, LA, MS, AL, GA, SC, NC, MO, KY, MD, CT, MA, and HI; Asanthus 1 sp. S NAM endemic genus native to AZ, NM; Brickellia 34 spp. native in all of the USA exc. NY, CT, MA, VT, NH, ME; Brickelliastrum 1 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to AZ, NM, TX; Carminatia 1 sp. S NAM & Mesoamerica genus native to AZ, NM, TX; Carphephorus 8 spp. SE USA endemic genus of LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, VA; Carphochaete 1 sp. S NAM endemic genus native to AZ, NM, TX; Chromolaena 4 spp. Americas genus native AZ, TX, LA, MS, and FL; Condylidium 1 sp. neoendemic native FL; Conoclinium 3 spp. native S and E USA AZ E to NC and all S plus NE and KS E to NJ and NY exc IA and inc MI; Eupatorium 26 spp. subcosmopolitan genus native in E USA from ND S to TX and all E;  Eutrochium 5 spp. NAM genus native to most of USA exc OR, CA, NV; Fleischmannia 3 spp. native to S USA from AZ E to NC and all S plus MO, IL, IN, KY, OH, WV, VA; Flyriella 1 sp. S NAM endemic genus native TX; Garberia monospecific narrow endemic sp. of FL; Hartwrightia monospecific narrow endemic of FL, GA; Isocarpha 1 sp. intro/native? TX; Koanophyllon 2 spp. native to AZ, NM, TX, FL; Liatris 42 spp. native to E USA from MT S to NM and all states E exc. VT where it’s intro, most are endemic to the E USA, but now intro to Europe; Malperia monospecific SW NAM endemic genus native CA; Mikania 3 spp. are native and introduced to much of E USA from MN S to LA, exc. MN, IA, WI, WV, VT and inc. OK, TX; Pleurocoronis 1 sp. SW NAM endemic genus native CA, NV, UT, AZ; Praxelis 1 sp. intro to FL; Sclerolepis monospecific E USA endemic of LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, VA, MD, DE, NJ, RI, MA, NH; Shinnersia monospecific narrow endemic genus of TX and NE Mexico; Stevia 7 spp. native to AZ, NM, TX; Tamaulipa monospecific S NAM endemic native to TX; Trichocoronis 2 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to CA, TX; Trilisa 3 spp. SE USA endemic from LA E to FL and N to NC.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Gnaphalieae Tribe: Anaphalis 1 sp. native to most of the USA, inc. AK, but exc. ND, OK, LA, AR, MS, AL, GA, SC, FL; Ancistrocarphus 2 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native OR, ID, CA, NV, inc 1 endemic to CA; Antennaria 37 spp. mostly N temperate genus native in N USA from OR E to NJ and all states N plus CA, CO, TN, KY, NC, VA, WV, MD, DE (POWO SAYS ALL USA), inc multiple species endemic to USA; Diaperia 3 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to CA, MT, WY, CO, NM, SD, NE, KS, OK, TX, AR, LA, MS, AL, GA, SC, inc. 2 endemic to S USA; Euchiton 4 spp. intro to OR, CA, MA and HI;  Facelis 1 species native to TX, OK, AR, LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, VA; Filago 2 spp. intro. to WA, OR, CA, AL, GA, SC, NC, VA, KY, OH, WV, MD, DE, PA, NJ, NY, MA; Gamochaeta 9 spp. native and intro. to much of the USA exc. ID, NV, UT, WY, CO, ND, SD, NE, MN, VT, NH and intro HI and subcosmopolitan; Gnaphalium 3 spp. cosmopolitan genus native and intro to much of the USA exc. the SE from TX and OK E to NC and FL, also exc. IA, MO, and intro AK; Helichrysum 2 spp. intro CA and HI; Hesperevax 3 spp. narrow endemic genus of OR, CA; Logfia 2 spp. intro to WA, OR, CA, PA, and NY; Micropsis 1 sp. intro to TX; Micropus 2 spp. native to WA, OR, CA (1 narrow endemic), 3rd in genus is native to the Mediterranean; Omalotheca 2 spp. native to WI, MI, PA, NY, VT, NH, ME; Plecostachys 1 sp. intro CA; Pseudognaphalium 19 spp. native and intro in most of the USA, inc. HI but exc. ND; Psilocarphus 4 spp. native to WA, OR, CA, NV, UT, ID, MT, WY, inc. 1 W USA endemic; Rhodanthe 1 sp. intro CA; Stylocline 5-7? spp. native to OR, CA, ID, NV, UT, AZ, NM, TX; Xerochrysum 1 sp. intro to MA, CT. 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Helenieae Tribe: Amblyolepis monospecific S NAM endemic sp. native to TX; Baileya 3 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, TX; Balduina 3 spp. SE USA endemic genus? of LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC; Gaillardia 12 spp. native and intro to most of the USA exc. KY, WV, MD, and intro HI and AK, inc. 3 narrow endemics of AZ + UT (1), UT + CO (1), TX (1), now intro subcosmopolitan; Helenium 19 spp. native throughout all of the USA, exc. SD; Hymenoxys 18 spp. native and intro OR, CA, NV, UT, AZ, ID, MT, WY, CO, NM, ND, KS, OK, TX, AL, ME; Marshallia 8 spp. SE USA endemic genus from KS S to TX and E to MD S to FL exc IL, IN, OH, DE and inc PA; Ovicula monospecific narrow endemic genus of TX; Plateilema monospecific S NAM endemic genus native to TX;  Psathyrotes 3 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native to CA, NV, ID, UT, AZ, inc. 2 endemic to SW USA; Psilostrophe 5 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native ID, CA, NV, UT, AZ, CO, NM, KS, OK, TX, inc. 3 endemic to the SW USA; Tetraneuris 8 spp. NAM endemic genus native to W USA ND S to TX and all W exc WA, OR and inc AR, IL, MI, OH; Trichoptilium monospecific SW NAM endemic native to CA, NV, AZ.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Heliantheae Tribe: Acmella 4 spp. mostly pantropical genus native and intro TX, OK, LA, AR, MO, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, NJ; Agnorhiza 5 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native to CA, inc. 4 narrow endemics of CA, 5th is also in Baja California Norte Mexico; Aldama 1 sp. native to AZ, NM, TX; Ambrosia 24 spp. mostly native, some intro to all of the USA, native in AK and intro to HI, now intro cosmopolitan; Bahiopsis 3 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native CA, NV, AZ, inc. 1 endemic; Balsamorhiza 11 spp. NW NAM endemic genus native WA, OR, CA, ID, MT, WY, CO, ND, SD, inc. 7 spp. endemic to W USA; Baltimora 1 sp. intro to HI; Berlandiera 9 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to AZ, NM, CO, KS, OK, TX, MO, AR, LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, inc. 6 endemic to the USA which inc. 2 narrow endemics of FL; Borrichia 2 spp. native to TX, LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, VA, MD; Calyptocarpus 2 spp. inc. 1 native to TX and 1 intro to AZ, NM, TX, OK, AR, LA, IL, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, and HI; Chrysogonum 1-3 spp. mostly Madagascar genus native to LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, TN, KY, VA, WV, MD, OH, PA, NY; Dicoria 1 sp. S NAM endemic genus native to CA, NV, UT, AZ, CO, NM; Echinacea 9 spp. native to most of the USA from MT S to NM and IL E, exc. DE, RI, NH, VT, inc. 5 spp. endemic to USA inc. 1 narrow endemic of TN (1); Eclipta 1 sp. native to much of the USA exc. WA, OR, ID, NV, MT, WY, CO, ND, CT, RI, VT, NH, and ME, and intro HI and cosmopolitan; Encelia 8 spp. native to CA, NV, UT, AZ, CO, NM, and TX, and intro to HI, inc. 3 endemic to SW USA; Enceliopsis 3 spp. W USA endemic genus of ID, CA, NV, UT, AZ, CO; Engelmannia monospecific S NAM endemic of AZ, NM, TX, OK, KS, NE, SD, MO, AR; Euphrosyne 3 spp. native to CA, NV, UT, NM, AZ, CO, TX, inc. 2 endemics; Flourensia 2 spp. native to AZ, NM, TX; Geraea 2 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native CA, NV, UT, AZ; Hedosyne monospecific S NAM endemic genera native AZ, NM, TX; Helianthella 6 spp. E NAM endemic genus native to W USA from MT S to NM and all W plus SD, inc. 3-4 endemics; Helianthus 54 spp. native to all of the USA and introduced into AK and HI, includes numerous endemics as most of the genus is concentrated here, but now intro cosmopolitan; Heliomeris 4-5 spp. S NAM genus native to CA, NV, ID, MT, WY, CO, UT, AZ, NM, TX, NY; Heliopsis 2 spp. native to all of E USA from ND S to TX and all E plus WA, CO, AZ, NM;  Iva 10 spp. native and intro to most of the USA exc. VT, includes several endemics; Jefea 1 sp. native NM, TX; Lagascea 2 spp. native and intro AZ, FL; Lasianthaea 1 sp. native to AZ, NM; Lindheimera monospecific SC NAM endemic genus native OK, TX, AR, LA; Lipochaeta 20 spp. narrow endemic genus of HI; Melanthera 3-4? spp. native to IL, KY, TN, LA, MS, AL, GA, SC, FL (1 endemic), and HI?; Montanoa 1 sp. intro to HI; Parthenice monospecific S NAM endemic native to AZ; Parthenium ~7-10 spp. Native to most of the USA exc. the Pacific states and NW quarter; Pascalia 1 sp. intro to AL, GA, FL; Phoebanthus 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of AL, FL; Ratibida 4 spp. native to most of the USA exc WA, OR, NV, MD, DE, RI, NH, ME; Rudbeckia 21-31 spp. native all of USA and intro AK; Sanvitalia 3 spp. native and intro CA, NV, AZ, NM, TX, IL, MD, VT; Scabrethia monospecific W USA endemic genus of WY, CO, NM, UT, AZ; Sclerocarpus 1 sp. native to TX; Sidneya 1 sp. S NAM endemic genus native to NM and TX; Silphium 22 spp. native, inc. 19 endemic to the E USA from MT S to NM and all E exc. MT, DE, RI, NH; Simsia 2 spp. native AZ, NM, TX, and intro? MD; Sphagneticola 1 sp. intro LA, FL, and HI; Synedrella monospecific intro. to FL, HI, and WA?; Tithonia 3 spp. native and intro in AZ (native), TX, LA, FL, and HI; Verbesina 16 spp. native to most of the USA exc. WA, OR, ID, MN, CT, VT, NH, and ME, and intro HI and subcosmopolitan; Viguiera 8 spp. native to CA, NV, AZ, NM, TX (genus has been reduced and numbers may not be correct); Wedelia 3 spp. native to TX and intro AL; Wyethia 9 spp. W NAM endemic genus native to W USA from MT S to NM and all W, plus ND and SD, most endemic to the USA (1 sp. ranges into W Canada); Xanthium 3 spp. native and intro all of USA, intro HI, and now cosmopolitan; Zaluzania 1 sp. S NAM endemic genus native to AZ, NM; Zinnia 7 spp. native and intro UT, AZ, CO, NM, KS, OK, TX, LA, MS, GA, FL, SC, NC, KY, OH, PA, and CT, and intro HI. 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Inuleae Tribe: Blumea 3 spp. intro FL and HI; Dittrichia 2 spp. intro to CA, FL, PA, NJ, CT, NY; Inula 3 spp. intro to WA, OR, CA, UT, and MN S to MO and all E of those plus TN, VA;  Pallenis 1 sp. intro to CA; Pentanema 1 sp. intro GA, MA, NY;  Pterocaulon 2 spp. native TX, LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, inc. 1 SE USA endemic; Pulicaria 3 spp. introduced to CA, AZ, FL, MD; Sachsia 1 sp. Caribbean endemic genus native FL.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Madieae Tribe: Achyrachaena monospecific SW NAM endemic native OR, CA; Amblyopappus monospecific W. American endemic sp. native to CA, also in Baja CA Mexico and disjunct in Chile; Anisocarpus 2 spp. W NAM endemic genus native to WA, OR, and CA (1 narrow endemic); Argyroxiphium 5 spp. narrow endemic genus of HI; Arnica 27 spp. N temperate genus native to much of USA inc. AK but exc NE, KS, TX, IA S to LA, WI S to LA, IN, OH, KY, TN, WV, CT, RI, MA, includes many endemics as the center of diversity for the genus; Blepharipappus monospecific W NAM endemic sp. native to WA, OR, ID, NV, CA, may be W USA endemic as Canadensys lists it as ephemeral in British Columbia; Blepharizonia 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of CA; Calycadenia 10 spp. W USA endemic genus of OR, CA, NV; Carlquistia monospecific narrow endemic of CA; Centromadia 3 spp. former W NAM endemic genus native to WA, OR, CA, ID, NV, and AZ, inc. 2 endemic to W USA and 1 sp. now intro to NY and Europe; Constancea monospecific narrow endemic of CA; Deinandra 16 spp. former SW NAM endemic genus native to CA, AZ, inc. 11 narrow endemics of CA and 1 sp. now intro MA and W Europe; Dubautia 27 spp. narrow endemic genus of HI; Eatonella monospecific W USA endemic of WA, OR, ID, CA, NV; Eriophyllum 13 spp. mostly W USA endemic genus native to WA, OR, CA (7 endemics), NV, AZ, UT, ID, MT, and WY, inc. 9 spp. endemic to W USA; Harmonia 5 spp. narrow endemic genus of CA; Hemizonella monospecific W NAM endemic genus of WA, OR, CA, NV, ID, MT; Hemizonia monospecific endemic genus of OR, CA; Holocarpha 4 spp. native to CA (3 endemics); Holozonia monospecific narrow endemic of CA; Hulsea 7 spp. native to WA, OR, CA (1 narrow endemic), NV, UT, AZ, ID, MT, WY, 4 of which are endemic to the USA; Jensia 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of CA; Kyhosia monospecific endemic of OR, CA, and NV; Lagophylla 5 spp. W USA endemic genus to WA, OR, CA, ID, MT, NV, UT; Lasthenia 17 spp. mostly W USA endemic native to WA, OR, CA, AZ, NM, MA; Layia 14 spp. native, inc. 12 endemics of WA, OR, CA, ID, NV, UT, AZ, NM, MA; Madia 11 spp. native to W USA from ND S to TX and all W exc. NE, KS, OK, and inc. MN, IA, WI, MI, IN, PA, MD, DE, NY, CT, MA, VT, ME, NC, AL, GA, FL and native and intro AK and intro HI; Monolopia 5 spp. narrow endemic genus CA; Osmadenia monospecific SW NAM endemic genus of CA and NW Mexico; Pseudobahia 3 spp. narrow endemic genus of CA; Raillardella 3 spp. W USA endemic of OR, CA, NV; Syntrichopappus 2 spp. SW NAM endemic genus of CA (1 endemic), NV, UT, AZ, and NW Mexico; Venegasia monospecific SW NAM endemic of CA and NW Mexico; Wilkesia 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of HI.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Millerieae Tribe: Acanthospermum 3 spp. former neoendemics intro to OR, TX, LA, AR, MS, AL, GA, FL, TN, SC, NC, VA, PA, NJ, NY, MA, and HI; Bebbia monospecific S NAM endemic native to CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, TX; Cymophora 1 sp. intro MD; Galinsoga 3 spp. inc. 2 native to TX and 1 sp. intro to most of USA inc. HI but exc. ID, NV, UT, MS; Guardiola 1 sp. S NAM endemic genus native to AZ; Guizotia 1 sp. intro to CA, KS, WI, IL, MI, OH, TN, VA, MD, PA, NJ, NY, CT, MA; Jaegeria 1 sp. intro. AZ; Melampodium 6 spp. native and intro CA, AZ, CO, NM, KS, OK, TX, FL, MD; Sigesbeckia 1 sp. intro IL, MA, and HI; Smallanthus 1 sp. native SE USA from KS S to TX and E to NJ S to Fl plus MI, NY; Tetragonotheca 4 spp. native, inc 3 SE USA endemics of TX (1 endemic), LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, TN, and VA; Tridax 1 sp. intro FL and HI.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Neurolaeneae Tribe: Enydra 1 pantropical sp. intro FL; Neurolaena 1 sp. intro HI.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Perityleae Tribe: Pericome 1 sp. native to CA, NV, AZ, CO, NM, OK, TX; Perityle 2-35 spp. (depending on the definition of genus) native to CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, TX. 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Plucheeae Tribe: Pluchea 10 spp. native to S USA from CA E to NJ and all S exc. CO and inc. WI, MI, NY, CT, RI, MA, NH, ME, and intro HI.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Polymnieae Tribe: Polymnia 4 spp. E NAM endemic genus native to most of the E USA from MN S to LA, exc. LA, MS, SC, DE, NJ, RI, MA, NH, and ME, and inc. KS and OK.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Senecioneae Tribe: Arnoglossum 8 spp. E NAM endemic genus native, inc. 7 endemics, to most of E USA from ND S to TX and all E exc. ND, CT, RI, VT, NH, ME; Barkleyanthus monospecific genus native in AZ, NM, TX; Blennosperma 2 spp. narrow endemic to CA, 3rd spp. endemic to C Chile; Cacaliopsis monospecific NW NAM endemic native to WA, OR, CA; Crassocephalum 1 sp. intro to FL and HI; Crocidium monospecific W NAM endemic native to WA, OR, CA; Delairea 1 sp. intro OR, MT, CA, and HI; Emilia 3 spp. pantropical genus native to TX, LA, FL and intro to CA, GA, SC, OH, and HI; Erechtites 4 spp. native to E USA from SD S to TX and all E, plus intro WA and HI;  Euryops 2 spp. intro AZ and FL; Gynura 1 sp. intro FL; Hasteola 2 spp. endemic to the E USA in MN, IA, MO, WI, IL, IN, OH, PA, NJ, NY, CT, RI, MA, ME, KY, TN, WV, VA, MD, NC, GA, FL (1 narrow endemic), other species in genus is endemic to Japan and Kuril Is.; Jacobaea 1 sp. intro. WA, OR, CA, ID, MT, CA, MI, IL, PA, NY, MA; Lepidospartum 3 spp. native, inc. 2 endemics, of CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, TX; Ligularia 1 sp. intro MD;  Luina 2 spp. W NAM endemic genus native WA, OR, CA, inc. 1 narrow endemic restricted to serpentine soils in OR; Packera 57 spp. native in all of the USA, inc. AK, inc. many endemics; Parasenecio 1 sp. native AK; AK; Pericallis 1 sp. intro CA; Petasites 3 spp. N temperate genus native and intro WA, OR, CA, ID, MT, WY, CO, ND, SD, MN, WI, IL, MI, OH, WV, PA, DE, NJ, NY, CT, MA, VT, NH, ME, and native AK, and intro HI; Psacalium 1 sp. mostly Mexican genus native to AZ, NM; Pseudogynoxys 1 sp. intro TX, FL, and HI; Rainiera monospecific endemic of WA and OR; Roldana 1 sp. mostly Mexican genus native AZ, TX; Rugelia monospecific narrow endemic of TN, NC; Senecio 61 spp. cosmopolitan genus native to W USA from ND S to TX and all W, plus AK and intro in the E and HI; Tephroseris 4 spp. N temperate genus native to MT, WY, and AK; Tetradymia 10 spp. native (most endemic) to W USA from MT S to NM and all W; Tussilago 1 sp. intro to WA, MN, WI, S to TN, and all states E of those; Yermo monospecific narrow endemic of WY.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Tageteae Tribe: Adenophyllum 4 spp. native to CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, inc. 1 endemic to SW USA; Chrysactinia 1 sp. native NM, TX, most of S NAM endemic genus is Mexican; Clappia monospecific S NAM endemic sp. native to NM, TX; Dysodiopsis monospecific narrow S USA endemic of OK, TX; Dyssodia 1 sp. native to much of the USA exc. WA, OR, ID, MS, AL, GA, FL, NC, VA, DE, NJ, CT, RI, NH; Flaveria 8 spp. native to CA, UT, AZ (1 endemic), CO, NM, KS, OK, TX (1), MO, AL, GA, FL (1), SC, VA, MD, MA and intro. to HI, and an additional widespread endemic (4 total); Haploesthes 1 sp. S-C NAM endemic genus native to CO, NM, KS, OK, TX; Jamesianthus monospecific narrow endemic genus of AL and GA; Jaumea 1 sp. native to WA, OR, CA, also in Canada and another species disjunct in South America; Nicolletia 2 spp. S NAM endemic genus native CA, NM, TX; Pectis 13 spp. native CA, NV, UT, AZ (1 endangered rare endemic), WY, CO, NM, NE, KS, OK, TX, LA, GA, and FL (1 endemic), and intro HI; Porophyllum 5 spp. native to CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, TX; Pseudoclappia 2 spp. native to NM, TX (1 endemic), OK; Sartwellia 1 sp. native to NM, TX, with rest of genus is NE Mexico; Tagetes 7 spp. native to AZ, NM, and TX and intro CA, MT, WY, UT, OK, MO, AR, LA, WI, IL, KY, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, VA, MD, OH, PA, NJ, NY, CT, MA, VT, and HI; Thymophylla 7-8 spp. native CA, NV, UT, AZ, CO, NM, KS, TX, LA, MS, AL, FL, SC, MA; Varilla 2 spp. native to NE Mexico (1 endemic).

USA Asteraceae: Carduoideae Subfamily Genera:

Carduoideae Subfamily: Cardueae Tribe: Amberboa 1 sp. intro to CA, UT, IA, IL, IN, ME; Arctium 4 spp. Eurasian intro to all of the USA, inc. HI but exc. FL; Carduus 6 spp. intro in most of the USA, exc. FL and inc. HI; Carlina 1 sp. intro NJ, NY; Carthamus 4 spp. intro to most of the W USA from ND S to TX and all W exc. NV, SD and inc. IA, IL, OH, SC, MA; Centaurea 33 spp. intro in all of the USA and HI and AK; Cirsium 88 spp. mostly native, many endemic, and some intro in all of USA and AK and intro HI; Crupina 1 sp. intro to WA, OR, ID, CA, MA; Cynara 2 spp. intro to WA, OR, CA, AZ; Echinops 3 spp. intro to WA, OR, CA, ID, MT, WY, CO, MN, IA, WI, IL, IN, KY, VA, WV, MI, MD, PA, NY, CT, MA, VT, NH, ME; Mantisalca 1 sp. intro to CA, AZ; Onopordum 3 spp. intro to much of the USA exc. ND, SD, AR, LA, MS, TN, GA, SC, NC, NH, ME; Phonus 1 sp. intro OR, CA, AZ, OK, TX, MA, NJ (POWO not in USDA); Plectocephalus 2 spp. native to AZ, NM, TX, OK, KS, MO, AR, and LA and intro WI (POWO not in USDA); Saussurea 7 spp. north temperate genus native WA, OR, CA, ID, MT, WY, CO, and AK; Serratula 1 sp. intro NY, CT;  Silybum 1 sp. intro WA, OR, CA, NV, AZ, CO, NM, OK, TX, AR, LA, MS, AL, GA, TN, VA, WV, MD, IN, MI, OH, PA, NY, CT, MA, and NH; Volutaria 1 sp. intro to CA; Xeranthemum 1 sp. intro to MT (POWO not in USDA).

USA Asteraceae: Cichorioideae Subfamily Genera:

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Chondrillinae Subtribe: Chondrilla 1 sp. intro to WA, OR, CA, ID, MT, WY, MI, IN, GA, VA, WV, MD, DE, NJ, PA, and NY.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Cichoriinae Subtribe: Arnoseris monospecific intro MI, OH, PA, NY, NH, ME; Cichorium 2 spp. intro in all of the continental USA; Phalacroseris monospecific narrow endemic of the subalpine Sierra Nevadas in CA; Tolpis 1 sp. intro CA.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Crepidinae Subtribe: Askellia 2 spp. N temperate genus native to WA, OR, CA, ID, NV, MT, WY, CO, UT, and AK; Crepis 23 spp. native to W USA and intro to E USA, AK, and HI; Ixeris 1 sp. intro to PA, NJ, DE, NY; Lapsana 1 sp. intro to much of the USA and AK, HI, but exc. NV, NM, WY, SD, NE, KS, LA, MS, AL, FL, SC, DE, NH; Lapsanastrum 1 sp. intro OR; Nabalus 8 spp. native throughout exc. the SW states of CA, NV, UT, AZ, and NM, inc. 4? endemics (inc. former Prenanthes); Rhagadiolus 1 sp. intro CA; Taraxacum 9 spp. intro and native in all of USA, inc. AK, intro HI; Youngia 2 spp. intro TX, LA, AR, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, TN, KY, VA, OH, MD, PA, NY, and HI.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hieraciinae Subtribe: Hieracium 50 spp. mostly native some intro in all of USA and AK; Pilosella 3-7? spp. intro to the Pacific states, the eastern states from MN S to AR, and all states E plus GA, FL, ID, MT, WY, CO, and SD (POWO not in USDA).

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hyoseridinae Subtribe: Launaea 1 sp. intro to TX, FL; Reichardia 2 spp. intro NJ and HI; Sonchus 4 spp. intro all of USA, inc. AK and HI.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hypochaeridinae Subtribe: Hedypnois 1 sp. into CA, AZ, NM, TX; Helminthotheca 1 species intro to OR, CA, AZ, MT, ND, IA, MO, MA, NY, PA, NJ, VT, OH, NY, and VA; Hypochaeris 4 spp. introduced to much of the USA, inc. AK and HI, but exc. AZ, WY, ND, SD, NE, KS, OK, MN, IA; Leontodon 4 spp. intro to much of the USA, including AK and HI, but exc. UT, WY, CO, ND, SD, NE, OK, MO, AR, LA, MS, FL, GA, SC, KY; Picris 2? spp. intro IA, MO, IL, MI, OH, PA, NJ, NY, CT, RI, MA, VT, ME, KY, TN, AL, NC, VA, MD, AK, and HI (USDA said native and intro but unlikely under new definitions); Scorzoneroides 1 sp. Intro WA, OR, ID, IA, MA, ME, MI, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, WV, and VT; Urospermum 1 sp. intro CA. 

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Lactucinae Subtribe: Lactuca 12 spp. native and intro in all of USA, native AK, and intro HI.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Microseridinae Subtribe: Anisocoma monospecific SW NAM endemic native to CA, NV, AZ; Agoseris 10 spp. native to most of W USA from ND S to TX and all W exc. OK and TX, and inc. MN, IA, MI, and AK, inc. 2? endemics but 1 sp. now intro Sweden; Atrichoseris monospecific SW NAM endemic genus native CA, NV, UT, AZ; Calycoseris 2 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, TX; Chaetadelpha monospecific W USA endemic genus of OR, ID, CA, NV; Krigia 7 spp. E NAM endemic genus native to the E USA from ND S to TX and all E exc. ND, SD and inc. AZ, CO, NM; Lygodesmia 5 spp. native from MN S to LA and all W exc CA and LA and inc. WI, IN, GA, FL, inc. at least 3 endemics; Malacothrix 18 spp. native, most endemic, to W USA from MT S to NM and all W exc. WA and inc. TX; Microseris 14? spp. native to W USA MT S to NM and all W plus SD, TX, MA, and AK; Munzothamnus monospecific narrow endemic genus of CA; Nothocalais 4 spp. Native, inc. 2 endemics, to W USA from MN S to LA and all W exc. AZ and LA and inc. WI, IL, NY; Pinaropappus 2 spp. native AZ, NM, TX, OK; Pleiacanthus monospecific W USA endemic genus of OR, CA, NV, AZ, UT, ID, MT; Prenanthella monospecific SW NAM endemic genus native to WA, CA, ID, NV, UT, AZ, CO, NM, and TX; Pyrrhopappus 4 spp. native, inc. 2 endemics, to SE USA from NE S to TX and E to PA S to FL exc. OH, NJ, and inc. AZ, NM; Rafinesquia 2 spp. S NAM endemic genus native OR, CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, TX; Shinnersoseris monospecific C NAM endemic genus native WY, CO, UT, ND S to TX, MN, and IA; Stebbinsoseris 2 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native to CA (1 endemic) and AZ; Stephanomeria 17 spp. native, many endemic, to W USA from ND S to TX and all W exc. SD and intro to NY; Uropappus monospecific W NAM endemic genus native WA, OR, CA, ID, NV, UT, AZ, NM, and TX.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Scolyminae Subtribe: Scolymus 2 spp. intro CA, AL, NC, PA, NY.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Scorzonerinae Subtribe: Pseudopodospermum 1 sp. intro to CA; Scorzonera 2 spp. intro CA, MT, WY, CO, NM, NE, KS, TX; Tragopogon 10 spp. native? and intro to most of the USA exc. MS, AL, FL, SC and intro to AK, HI.

USA Asteraceae: Gochnatioideae Subfamily Genera:

Gochnatioideae Subfamily: Nahuatlea 1 sp. native to TX, LA, AL.

USA Asteraceae: Hecastocleidoideae Subfamily Genera:

Hecastocleidoideae Subfamily: Hecastocleis monospecific narrow endemic genus of CA, NV.

USA Asteraceae: Mutisoideae Subfamily Genera:

Mutisioideae Subfamily: Mutisieae Tribe: Adenocaulon 1 N NAM endemic sp. of an Americas and Asia genus native to WA, OR, CA, ID, MT, WY, ND, SD, MN, and MI; Chaptalia 4 spp. native to S USA from NM E to NC; Gerbera 1 sp. intro FL; Leibnitzia 1 sp. mostly Asian genus native AZ, NM.

Mutisioideae Subfamily: Nassauvieae Tribe: Acourtia 5 spp, native CA (1 endemic), NV, UT, AZ, NM, TX; Perezia 1 sp. intro MA; Trixis 2 spp. native CA, AZ, NM, TX.

USA Asteraceae: Vernonioideae Subfamily Genera:

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Arctotideae Tribe: Arctotheca 1 sp. introduced to CA; Arctotis 1 sp. intro to CA, SC, MA, AZ?; Berkheya 1 sp. intro OR; Gazania 1 sp. intro to CA, NM; Haplocarpha 1 sp. intro FL.

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Vernonieae Tribe: Centratherum 1 sp. intro FL and HI; Cyanthillium 1 sp. intro FL and HI; Elephantopus 5 spp. pantropical genus native to SE USA from KS S to TX and E to NJ S to FL and intro in HI, inc. 3 spp. endemic to SE USA and a 4th former endemic now introduced to Africa, SAM; Hesperomannia 4 spp. narrow endemic genus of HI; Pseudelephantopus 1 sp. introduced to FL and HI; Stokesia monospecific former SE USA endemic genus native to LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC; Vernonia 24 spp. native to most of the USA exc. WA, OR, CA, ID, NV, WY, VT, ME.

Mexico Asteraceae Genera Include:

Mexico Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily Genera:

Asteroideae Subfamily: Anthemideae Tribe: Achillea 1 sp. native throughout all of Mexico; Anthemis 1 sp. Intro to NW Mexico; Argyranthemum 1 sp. intro to C Mexico; Artemisia 9 spp. cosmopolitan genus native to all of Mexico; Chrysanthemum 1-2 spp. intro to all of Mexico; Cotula 1 sp. intro NW Mexico; Glebionis 1 sp. intro SE Mexico; Ismelia 1 sp. Intro NW Mexico; Matricaria 1 sp. native to NW Mexico; Soliva 1 sp. native to NE, SW+C Mexico; Tanacetum 2 spp. introduced to most of Mexico excluding C and Ver.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Astereae Tribe: Almutaster monospecific NAM endemic sp. native to N+W+C Mexico; Aphanostephus 4 spp. mostly S NAM endemic genus native NE+SW+C Mexico, Ver., including 1 sp endemic to Mexico; Aquilula monospecific NE Mexican endemic of Coa, NL, Tam; Archibaccharis ~30 spp. native and mostly endemic throughout all of Mexico; Astranthium 10 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to all of Mexico, including 8 spp. endemic to Mexico; Aztecaster 2 spp. Mexican endemic genus of NE Mexico (1), Gro + Oax (1); Baccharis 120+ spp. native throughout all of Mexico, inc. dozens of endemics; Bathysanthus monospecific endemic to NE Mexico; Batopilasia monospecific narrow endemic of Chi; Chaetopappa 7 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to most of Mexico, excluding SE Mexico, including 3 narrow endemics of Coa (2) and Chi + Coa (1); Chloracantha monospecific S NAM + CAM endemic sp. native to all of Mexico; Corethrogyne monospecific W NAM endemic sp. native to BCN; Croptilon 1 spp. S NAM endemic genus native NL; Dichaetophora monospecific S NAM endemic sp. native to Chi, Coa, NL; Dichrocephala 1 sp. intro. to SE Mexico; Dieteria 2 spp. W NAM endemic genus native to N Mexico; Egletes 2 spp. native to all of Mexico; Ericameria ~6 spp. W+C NAM endemic genus native to N Mexico, including 2 narrow endemics of BC; Erigeron ~55 spp. cosmopolitan genus native to all of Mexico inc. the Mexican Pacific Is. and includes many endemics; Euthamia 1 sp. former NAM endemic genus native BCN; Geissolepis monospecific narrow endemic of NE Mexico; Grindelia 10-15 spp. Including 6 endemics native to all of Mexico; Gutierrezia ~15 spp. native to most of Mexico exc. SE Mexico; Gymnosperma monospecific S NAM + Guatemala endemic sp. native to all of Mexico; Hazardia 6 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native and mostly endemic to BCN, BCS; Heterotheca ~11 spp. Throughout most of Mexico except the SE; Isocoma 14? spp. native to most of Mexico except the SE, includes several endemics; Laennecia ~12 spp. native to all of Mexico, including several endemics; Lessingia 2 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native to BCN, NW Mexico; Leucosyris 9 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native to most of Mexico exc. SE and Ver, includes 2 endemics; Lorandersonia 2 spp. S-C NAM endemic genus native to NE Mexico; Machaeranthera 1-2 spp. native to N and SW Mexico; Medranoa 5 spp. Native, inc. 4 endemic, to NE Mexico and Ver; Monoptilon 1 sp. SW NAM endemic native to NW Mexico; Oreochrysum monospecific S-C NAM endemic native to N Mexico; Oritrophium 2 spp. both endemic to N Mexico and Ver, rest of genus is SAM; Osbertia 3 spp. Mexico & Guatemala endemic genus native throughout Mexico, includes 1 endemic to Qro; Pentachaeta 1 sp. Mostly CA-endemic genus native to BCN; Pityopsis 1-2 spp. Native to most of Mexico except the NW; Psilactis 5 spp. native to all of Mexico, including 1 endemic; Rayjacksonia 1 sp. S NAM endemic genus native to NE Mexico; Sanrobertia monospecific narrow endemic of NE Mexico; Solidago 8 spp. native to all of Mexico; Stenotus 1 sp. native to NW Mexico; Stephanodoria monospecific narrow endemic of NE Mexico; Symphyotrichum 19 spp., including several endemics, native to all of Mexico; Tomentaurum 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of N Mexico; Townsendia 3 spp. native to most of Mexico exc. SE, includes 1 endemic; Xanthisma 6 spp. native throughout Mexico, including 3? endemics; Xanthocephalum 5 spp., inc. 4 endemics of most of Mexico except the SE; Xylorhiza 4 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to N Mexico, including 1 endemic.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Bahieae Tribe: Achyropappus 2 spp. Mexico & Guatemala endemic genus of NW+C+ Mexico, both species endemic to Mexico;  Bartlettia monospecific S NAM endemic native to NE Mexico; Chaetymenia monospecific Mexico endemic of N+SW Mexico; Espejoa monospecific Mexico + CAM endemic sp. native SW+SE Mexico, Ver; Florestina 8 spp. former NAM + CAM endemic genus native to most of Mexico except NW Mexico, includes 5 spp. endemic to Mexico; Hymenopappus 3 spp. native to N Mexico, includes 1 endemic; Hymenothrix 5+ spp. S NAM endemic genus native to most of Mexico exc. Ver and SE; Loxothysanus 2 spp. Mexico endemic genus native to most of Mexico exc. NW; Palafoxia 10 spp native to N Mexico, including 4? endemics; Peucephyllum monospecific SW NAM endemic native to NW Mexico; Picradeniopsis 3-4 spp. Native to most of Mexico exc. SE; Psathyrotopsis 2-3 spp. native to NE Mexico; Schkuhria 2 spp. Including 1 endemic native throughout Mexico.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Calenduleae Tribe: Calendula 1-2 spp. intro to SE Mexico;

Asteroideae Subfamily: Chaenactideae Tribe: Chaenactis 8 spp. W NAM endemic genus native to NW BCN, BCS, Son, Sin?, inc 1 narrow endemic of BCN + BCS. 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Coreopsideae Tribe: Bidens 56 spp. cosmopolitan genus native to all of Mexico, including Mexican Pacific Is., with high endemism; Chrysanthellum 11 spp. native throughout Mexico, inc. 8 narrow Mexican endemic spp. of Jl + Mch (3), Oax + Chp (1), Oax (1), Nay + Gro (1), Tam (1), Sun + Dgo (1); Coreocarpus 7 spp. S NAM endemic genus native N+C Mexico, inc. 6 narrow endemics of BCS (1), Sin + Dgo (1), Socorro Is. (1), Mex (1), NW Mexico (2);  Coreopsis ~17 spp. former Americas endemic genus native to most of Mexico exc. SE Mexico, includes 4 endemics; Cosmos ~34 spp., including 28 endemics, of this former Americas endemic genus is native to all of Mexico; Dahlia ~42 spp. former Mexico & N neoendemic genus native to all of Mexico, with about 35 spp. Being endemic, genus now intro pantropical; Dicranocarpus monospecific SE NAM endemic sp. is native to NE Mexico; Goldmanella monospecific Mesoamerican endemic genus native to SE Mexico & N CAM; Henricksonia monospecific narrow endemic genus of NE Mexico; Heterosperma 5 spp. native throughout all of Mexico, inc. 2 endemics; Hidalgoa 2 spp. Mexico & neoendemic genus native to SW+C+SE Mexico, including 1 endemic

Asteroideae Subfamily: Eupatorieae Tribe: Ageratella monospecific endemic of N+W Mexico; Ageratina ~150 spp, the vast majority endemic, are native to all of Mexico, including the Mexican Pacific Is.; Ageratum 15+ spp. former Americas endemic genus native all of Mexico, now intro subcosmopolitan; Alomia 4 spp. Mexican endemic genus, with 2 narrow endemics of Son (1), Jal (1); Amolinia monospecific Mesoamerica endemic of SE Mexico, Guatemala & Belize; Asanthus 3 spp. S NAM endemic genus native N+C+W Mexico, inc. 2 endemics; Bartlettina 22 spp. native to all of Mexico, including 13 endemics; Brickellia 80+ spp. native to all of Mexico, inc. the Mexican Pacific Is.; Brickelliastrum 2 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to N Mexico, inc. 1 narrow endemic; Campuloclinium 1 sp. mostly neoendemic genus native NE+SE Mexico, Ver, now intro to Africa; Carminatia 5 spp. S NAM & Mesoamerican genus native to all of Mexico, inc. 3 spp. endemic to Mexico; Carphochaete 7 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to N+SW+C Mexico, inc. 6 spp endemic to Mexico; Chromolaena 15-20 spp. Americas genus native to all of Mexico, inc. several endemics; Conoclinium 3 spp. Americas genus native to all of Mexico, inc. 1 endemic; Critonia 16 spp. Mexico & neoendemic genus native to all of Mexico, inc. several endemics; Critoniadelphus 2 spp. Mesoamerica endemic genus native to S Mexico; Decachaeta 8 spp. native to all of Mexico, inc. 7 endemic to Mexico; Eupatoriastrum 7 spp. native to most of Mexico exc. NW, inc. 5 spp. endemic to Mexico 4 of which are narrow endemic spp. of Oax (2), Chp (1), Ver (1); Eupatorium 1? sp. subcosmopolitan genus native to NE Mexico; Fleischmannia ~35 spp. native to all of Mexico; Fleischmanniopsis 3 spp. native to most of Mexico exc. NW Mexico, inc. 1 narrow endemic of Chp; Flyriella 4 spp. S NAM endemic genus native Chi, Coa, NL, Tam, inc. 3 endemics;  Gymnocoronis 3 spp. native to NE+SW+SE Mexico, Ver, inc. 1 endemic to Mexico; Hebeclinium 1 sp. mostly neoendemic genus native to most of Mexico exc. NW Mexico; Hofmeisteria 12 spp. mostly Mexico endemic in all of Mexico exc. Ver, 1 sp. also native to Colombia; Isocarpha 2 spp. native to NE, SW, SE Mexico, Ver; Jaliscoa 3 spp. Endemic genus of NE+SW+C Mexico; Koanophyllon 24 spp. native to all of Mexico, including several endemics; Kyrsteniopsis 6 spp. Including 5 endemics native to most of Mexico except the NW, 2 of which are narrow endemics of Chp (1) and Gro (1); Liatris 2 spp. native to NE Mexico; Macvaughiella 3 spp. Mesoamerica endemic genus native to S Mexico, Ver, including 1 endemic to SW Mexico; Malperia monospecific SW NAM endemic genus native NW Mexico; Mexianthus monospecific narrow endemic of SW Mexico; Microspermum 8 spp. Mexican endemic genus of S+C Mexico; Mikania ~25 spp. native throughout all of Mexico; Neomirandea 2 spp. Native to S+C Mexico, Ver; Nesomia monospecific narrow endemic of SE Mexico; Oxylobus 7 spp., inc. 5 endemics to most of Mexico exc. NW; Paneroa monospecific narrow endemic of SW Mexico; Peteravenia 4 spp. mostly Mesoameria genus native to NE+S Mexico, Ver, including 1 endemic to SW Mexico; Piqueria 6 spp. mostly Mexican endemic genus native to all of Mexico; Pleurocoronis 3 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native (2 endemic) to NW Mexico; Shinnersia monospecific narrow endemic genus of Texas and NE Mexico; Stevia 116 spp. native to all of Mexico, with 100+ being endemic; Steviopsis 5 spp. Mexico endemic genus native to N+SW+C Mexico; Tamaulipa monospecific S NAM endemic native to NE Mexico, Ver; Trichocoronis 2 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to N+SW+C Mexico.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Gnaphalieae Tribe: Achyrocline 5 spp. Includes 3 endemics native to NW+SW+SE Mexico, Ver; Anaphalis 1 sp. native to NW Mexico; Ancistrocarphus 1 sp. SW NAM endemic genus native BCN; Antennaria 4-5 spp. mostly N temperate genus native to N Mexico; Diaperia 1 sp. S NAM endemic genus native to N Mexico; Gamochaeta 13 spp. native to all of Mexico, inc. Mexican Pacific Is.; Gnaphaliothamnus 8 spp. native to all of Mexico, inc. 6 endemic to Mexico; Gnaphalium 1-2? spp. cosmopolitan genus native N Mexico, many have been reclassified as Pseudognaphilium; Logfia 1 sp. intro to NW Mexico; Mexerion 3 spp. inc. 2 endemics native throughout Mexico, 1 sp. Also in Guatemala and Costa Rica; Micropus 1 sp. native to NW Mexico; Pseudognaphalium ~54 spp. including 41 endemics native to all of Mexico, inc. Mexican Pacific Islands; Xerochrysum 1 sp. intro to SE Mexico. 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Helenieae Tribe: Amblyolepis monospecific S NAM endemic sp. native to Coa, NL, Tam; Baileya 3 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to N+SW Mexico; Gaillardia 13 spp. native to N+ C Mexico, Ver and intro SE Mexico, inc 7 spp. endemic to Mexico, 4 of which are narrow endemicd of Coa (3), Chi (1), now intro subcosmopolitan; Helenium ~10? spp. native to all of Mexico; Hymenoxys 9 spp. native, including several endemics, to all of Mexico; Pelucha monospecific narrow endemic of NW Mexico;  Plateilema monospecific S NAM endemic genus native to NE Mexico; Psathyrotes 1 sp. SW NAM endemic genus native to NW Mexico; Psilostrophe 4 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native to N Mexico, inc. 2 narrow endemics of Chi (1) and Chi + N Dgo (1); Tetraneuris 4 spp. NAM endemic genus native to NE Mexico; Trichoptilium monospecific SW NAM endemic native to NW Mexico.    

Asteroideae Subfamily: Heliantheae Tribe: Acmella 6 spp. mostly pantropical genus native to all of Mexico, inc. 1 endemic of Ver + Pue; Agnorhiza 1 sp. SW NAM endemic genus native BCN; Aldama 35-40 spp. native throughout Mexico, including several endemics; Ambrosia ~30 spp. native to all of Mexico, and intro to Mexican Pacific Is., several are endemic to Mexico; Bahiopsis 11 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native to NW Mexico, inc. 9 narrow endemics of BCN + BCS (3), BCS (3), Socorro Is. (1), and NW Mexico (2); Baltimora 2 spp. native to all of Mexico; Berlandiera 5 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to N+SW Mexico, inc. 2 endemics; Borrichia 2 spp. native to E+C+S Mexico; Calanticaria 5 spp. endemic to NE Mexico, Ver., including 2 narrow endemics of Dgo; Calyptocarpus 2 spp. native to all of Mexico; Chromolepis monospecific endemic of N+SW+C Mexico; Clibadium 3-4 spp. native to Mexico, exc. NW; Damnxanthodium monospecific narrow endemic of Sin, Dgo; Davilanthus 7 spp. narrow Mexican endemic genus of Pue (2), Qro + Hgo + Ver (1), Oax (1), Pue + Oax (1), Ver + Pue + Oax (1), Ver (1); Delilia 1 sp. native to all of Mexico; Dicoria 2 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to NW Mexico, inc. 1 narrow endemic of Son; Dendroviguiera 13 spp. endemic to Mexico, 14th sp. is endemic to CAM; Dugesia monospecific Mexico endemic of NE+SW+C Mexico, Ver; Eclipta 1 sp. native throughout Mexico, and intro cosmopolitan; Electranthera 3 spp. Mexico & N CAM endemic genus native to most of Mexico exc. NW Mexic; Encelia 15 spp .native to N Mexico, inc. 10 narrow endemics of BCN + BCS (5), BCN (1), BCS (2), NW Mexico (2); Engelmannia monospecific S NAM endemic native to NE Mexico; Eremosis 21 spp. Mexico & neoendemic genus native to all of Mexico, including 15 spp. endemic to Mexico; Euphrosyne 2 spp. native to N+SW+C Mexico, inc. 1 endemic; Flourensia 13 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to all of Mexico, inc. 11 endemics; Geraea  2 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native BCN, Son; Hedosyne monospecific S NAM endemic genus native to N+SW Mexico; Gonzalezia 3 spp. narrow Mexican endemic genus of Son + Chi + Dgo (1), Sin + Dgo + Zac (1), NE Mexico S to Jal (1); Helianthella 5 spp. W NAM endemic genus native to N+SW Mexico, inc. 4 endemic; Helianthus ~11 spp. native inc. 2 narrow endemics, native throughout Mexico exc. Ver and SE where it is introduced; Heliomeris 3 spp. S NAM genus native throughout Mexico, inc. 1 endemic; Heliopsis 12 spp. native throughout Mexico, species and genus mostly endemic to Mexico; Hybridella 2 spp. Mexico endemic genus native to NE+C+SW Mexico and Ver; Hymenostephium 8 spp. inc. 5 endemics native throughout all of Mexico; Iostephane 4 spp. Mexico endemic genus found throughout all of Mexico; Iva 3-4 spp. Native to N+C Mexico, Ver; Jefea 4-5 spp. native to NE+SW+C, Ver; Lagascea 9 spp. native throughout Mexico, inc. several endemics; Lasianthaea 16 spp. mostly Mexican endemic genus native throughout all of Mexico; Lindheimera monospecific SC NAM endemic genus native NE Mexico; Lundellianthus 3 spp. inc. 1 endemic to SW+SE Mexico; Melanthera 2 spp. native to most of Mexico exc. NW; Montanoa 24 spp. native to all of Mexico, mostly endemic; Otopappus 14 spp. native, inc. many endemics found throughout Mexico; Parthenice monospecific S NAM endemic native to N Mexico; Parthenium ~13 spp. native and mostly endemic all throughout Mexico; Perymeniopsis monospecific endemic of NE+SW+C Mexico, Ver; Perymenium ~50+ spp. mostly endemic throughout Mexico; Philactis 4 spp. native, inc. 3 endemics of SW+SE+C Mexico, 1 sp. extends to Guatemala; Plagiolophus monospecific narrow endemic of SE Mexico; Podachaenium 6? spp. native throughout Mexico, inc. several endemics; Ratibida 4 spp. native to N+C Mexico, Ver, inc. 2 endemics; Rensonia monospecific Mesoamerica genus native to SE+SW Mexico, Ver; Rojasianthe monospecific narrow endemic of SE Mexico and Guatemala; Salmea 4 spp. native, inc. 2 endemics of most of Mexico exc. NW; Sanvitalia 6 spp. native throughout Mexico, inc. ~3 endemics; Sclerocarpus 7 spp. native inc. many endemics to all of Mexico; Sidneya 1 sp. S NAM endemic genus native to N+C+SW Mexico, inc. 1 endemic; Simsia 28 spp. native throughout Mexico, mostly endemic to Mexico; Sphagneticola 1 sp. native to W+SE Mexico, Ver; Spilanthes 1 sp. native to W Mexico, most of genus has been transferred to Acmella; Squamopappus monospecific Mesoamerican endemic of SE Mexico and Guatemala; Synedrella monospecific native to most of Mexico exc. NW; Tehuana monospecific narrow endemic of S Mexico; Tetrachyron 10 spp. Mesoamerica endemic genus native to most of Mexico exc. NW, inc. 8 endemic, other 2 extend into Guatemala; Tithonia 12 spp. (entire genus) native throughout Mexico, many endemic; Trichocoryne monospecific endemic of N Mexico; Tuxtla monospecific disjunct endemic of Ver and Costa Rica; Verbesina 165 spp. native, inc. ~138 endemics found throughout Mexico, 1 sp. now intro subcosmopolitan; Vigethia monospecific narrow endemic of NE Mexico; Viguiera 10 spp. native throughout Mexico inc. 9 endemics; Wamalchitamia 6 spp. inc. 5 endemics of W+S+C Mexico; Wedelia ~18 spp. native throughout Mexico, includes several endemics; Xanthium 3 spp. native throughout Mexico, genus now cosmopolitan; Zaluzania 12 sp. S NAM endemic genus, 11 endemic to Mexico exc. the SE; Zexmenia 3 spp. Native to S Mexico and Ver; Zinnia ~25 spp. native throughout Mexico, inc. 6+ endemic, genus now subcosmopolitan.     

Asteroideae Subfamily: Inuleae Tribe: Dittrichia 1 sp. intro NW Mexico; Epaltes 1 sp. mostly pantropical genus native to S+C Mexico, Ver; Pseudoconyza monospecific ~pantropical genus native to all of Mexico and the Mexican Pacific Is.; Pterocaulon 1 sp. native to NE Mexico, Ver.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Madieae Tribe: Achyrachaena monospecific SW NAM endemic native BCN;  Adenothamnus monospecific narrow endemic of BCN; Amblyopappus monospecific W Americas endemic genus native to BC, also in W USA and disjunct in C+S Chile; Baeriopsis monospecific single-island endemic of Guadalupe Is.; Centromadia 2 spp. former SW NAM endemic genus native BCN, inc. 1 narrow endemic and 1 sp. now intro to Europe; Deinandra 10 spp. former SW NAM endemic genus native BCN (3 endemics), BCS, Guadalupe Is. (1 endemic), and San Benito Is. (1 endemic) and 1 sp. now intro to W Europe; Eriophyllum 4 spp. mostly W USA endemic genus native to NW Mexico, mostly BCN; Holocarpha 1 sp. native to NW Mexico, most of genus is endemic to California, USA; Hulsea 3 spp. native to NW Mexico; Lasthenia 3 spp. native to NW Mexico, inc. 1 endemic; Layia 2 spp. native to NW Mexico, most of the genus is endemic to W USA; Madia 2 spp. native to NW Mexico, most of the genus is endemic to the W USA; Osmadenia monospecific SW NAM endemic genus of NW Mexico and California, USA; Syntrichopappus 1 sp. SW NAM endemic genus native to NW Mexico; Venegasia monospecific SW NAM endemic native to NW Mexico and California, USA.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Millerieae Tribe: Alepidocline 5 spp. native to Chp, Oax, inc. 4 narrow endemics of Oax (3), Chp (1); Alloispermum 11 spp. native to all of Mexico inc. 8 spp. endemic to Mexico;  Axiniphyllum 5 spp. Mexican endemic of NE+SW Mexico; Bebbia monospecific S NAM endemic native to N Mexico; Cymophora 3 spp. native to SW Mexico, inc. 2 narrow endemics with other sp. now introduced in E USA; Desmanthodium 6 spp. endemic to NE+S+C Mexico, genus also in neotropics; Dyscritothamnus 2 spp. E Mexican endemic genus of NE Mexico, Ver; Faxonia monospecific narrow endemic of BCS; Galinsoga 8 spp. native to all of Mexico, inc. 6 endemics, with other 2 spp. now intro cosmopolitan; Guardiola 12 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to N+C+SW Mexico, inc. 11 endemics; Guizotia 1 sp. intro to C Mexico; Jaegeria 8 spp. native throughout Mexico, inc. 3 endemics; Melampodium 38 spp. native throughout Mexico, the center of diversity for the genus, with most being endemic; Milleria monospecific endemic genus native throughout Mexico and the N Neotropics; Oteiza 3 spp. endemic to NE+SW+C Mexico, 4th in genus is endemic to Guatemala; Rumfordia 7 spp. inc 6 endemic throughout Mexico; Sabazia 15 spp. many endemic throughout all of Mexico; Schistocarpha 7-8 spp., inc. 2 endemics of most of Mexico exc. NW; Selloa 2 spp. endemic to SW+C Mexico, Ver, other species in genus endemic to Colombia; Sigesbeckia 3 spp., inc 2 endemics native throughout Mexico; Smallanthus 11 spp. mostly endemic throughout Mexico; Stachycephalum 1 sp. endemic to SW Mexico, rest of genus in SAM; Tetragonotheca 1 sp. Native to NE Mexico, most are SE USA endemics; Tridax 25+ spp. native, many endemic, throughout Mexico; Trigonospermum 6 spp. native to all of Mexico, inc. 4 endemics; Zandera 3 spp. Mexican endemic genus of most of Mexico exc. SE and Ver.  

Asteroideae Subfamily: Neurolaeneae Tribe: Calea ~58 spp. native to all of Mexico with many endemics; Enydra 2 spp. mostly pantropical genus inc. 1 native to Tab and 1 Old World intro to SE Mexico; Greenmaniella monospecific narrow endemic of Coa, NL, and Tam; Neurolaena 13 spp. inc 10 endemics found throughout most of Mexico exc. NW

Asteroideae Subfamily: Perityleae Tribe: Amauria 3 narrow endemic spp. of BCN+BCS (2), BCS (1), but mostly now transferred to Perityle; Eutetras 2 spp. Mexican endemics of NW+SW Mexico, Ver; Galeana monospecific native of most of Mexico exc. NW Mexico; Pericome 2 spp., inc 1 endemic, native to N+SW Mexico; Perityle ~4-5 spp. (under new narrower definition) native to N+SW Mexico; Villanova 1 sp. native to C Mexico and Ver.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Plucheeae Tribe: Pluchea 11 spp. native throughout Mexico.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Senecioneae Tribe: Barkleyanthus monospecific native in all of Mexico; Delairea 1 sp. intro to NW Mexico; Digitacalia 5 spp. Mexican endemic genus in most of Mexico exc Ver, inc 3 narrow endemics of Chp (1), Mch (1), Gro + Oax (1); Emilia 1-2 spp. pantropical genus native to SE Mexico and intro to C. Mexico; Erechtites 2 spp. native to most of Mexico exc. NW Mexico; Lepidospartum 1 sp. native to NW Mexico; Mixtecalia monospecific narrow endemic of SW Mexico; Nelsonianthus 2 spp. Mesoamerican endemics of E+C Mexico, Ver (1 endemic to C Mexico and Ver), and Guatemala; Packera ~15? spp. Native to most of Mexico exc. SE, inc. several endemics; Pentacalia ~14 spp. native to SW+SE+C Mexico, Ver, inc. endemics; Pippenalia monospecific endemic to N+SW Mexico; Pittocaulon 5 spp. inc. 4 endemics of NE+S+C Mexico, Ver; Psacaliopsis 3 spp. inc. 2 endemics of SW+C Mexico; Psacalium ~50 spp. mostly endemic throughout Mexico; Pseudogynoxys 4 spp. native throughout Mexico, inc. 1 endemic to C Mexico; Robinsonecio 2 spp. native to E+C Mexico, inc. 1 endemic in the NE, 1 sp. Into Guatemala; Roldana ~55 spp., with ~30 endemic found throughout Mexico; Senecio 63 spp. cosmopolitan genus native throughout Mexico, inc. 44 endemics; Telanthophora 12 spp. inc 5 endemics native to most of Mexico exc. NW; Tetradymia 2 spp. W NAM endemic genus native to BCN, BNS?, and Son; Villasenoria monospecific endemic of S + Gulf Mexico; Werneria 1 sp. native to SE Mexico; Zemisia 1 sp. native to SW+SE Mexico, Ver.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Tageteae Tribe: Adenophyllum 12 spp. inc. 11 native to BCN, BCS, Chi, Chp, Col, Dgo, Gro, Jal, Mch, Nay, Oax, Sin, and Son, and 1 sp. found throughout Mexico, inc. 6 endemic to Mexico; Arnicastrum 2 spp. narrow Mexican endemic genus of Son+Chi+Dgo (1) and Gro (1); Bajacalia 3 spp. endemic genus of NW Mexico, inc. 2 narrow endemics of BCS; Boeberastrum 2 spp. NW Mexico endemic genus, inc. 1 narrow endemic of BCS; Boeberoides monospecific endemic to SW+C Mexico; Chrysactinia 6 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to most of Mexico exc. SE Mexico, inc. 5 narrow endemics of NE Mexico (4) and Sin (1); Clappia monospecific S NAM endemic genus native NL, Tam; Comaclinium monospecific genus native to Chp; Coulterella monospecific narrow endemic of BCS; Dyssodia 4 spp. Native, inc. 2 endemics, to all of Mexico; Flaveria 15 spp. native to all of Mexico, inc 11 endemics; Gymnolaena 3 spp. Mexican endemic genus native to S+C Mexico; Haploesthes 4 spp. S-C NAM endemic genus native, inc. 3 endemics, of NE Mexico; Hydropectis 3 spp. endemic genus of N+SW Mexico; Leucactinia monospecific narrow endemic genus of NE Mexico; Nicolletia 3 spp. S NAM endemic genus native N+SW Mexico, inc. 1 endemic to NW Mexico; Oxypappus monospecific Mexican endemic native to N+SW Mexico; Pectis ~45 spp. native throughout Mexico with high endemism rates; Porophyllum ~17 spp. native throughout Mexico, with high endemism; Pseudoclappia 1 sp. native to NE Mexico; Sartwellia 4 spp. inc. 3 narrow endemics native to NE Mexico, 4th species is also in S-C USA; Strotheria monospecific narrow endemic of NE Mexico; Tagetes ~36 spp. native throughout Mexico, many endemic and restricted to the highlands, genus now intro subcosmopolitan; Thymophylla 13 spp. (whole genus) native to most of Mexico exc. SW, inc. 4 endemic to Mexico; Urbinella monospecific endemic genus of N Mexico.

Mexico Asteraceae: Carduoideae Subfamily Genera:

Carduoideae Subfamily: Cardueae Tribe: Carduus 1-2 spp. intro to NW Mexico; Carthamus 2-3 spp. intro to all of Mexico; Centaurea 3-5 spp. intro NW+SE Mexico; Cirsium 45 spp. inc. 28 endemics native all throughout Mexico; Cynara 1 sp. intro to NW Mexico; Plectocephalus 2 spp. native to N+SW+C Mexico; Silybum 1 sp. intro SE Mexico.

Mexico Asteraceae: Cichorioideae Subfamily Genera:

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Cichoriinae Subtribe: Cichorium 1-2 spp. intro N+C+SE Mexico, Ver.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Crepidinae Subtribe: Crepis 1 sp. cosmopolitan genus native N Mexico, and intro Ver; Lapsana 1 sp. intro to C Mexico; Taraxacum ~3 spp. intro in NW Mexico and native in all of the rest of Mexico; Youngia 1 sp. intro to C Mexico.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hieraciinae Subtribe: Hieracium 36 spp. Native, inc. many endemics, throughout all of Mexico.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hyoseridinae Subtribe: Launaea 1 sp. intro to SE Mexico; Sonchus 1 sp. intro to SE Mexico. 

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hypochaeridinae Subtribe: Hedypnois 1 sp. intro to NW Mexico; Helminthotheca 1 sp. intro to NW Mexico; Hypochaeris 1-2 spp. intro to NW+C Mexico.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Lactucinae Subtribe: Lactuca 8 spp. native throughout Mexico.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Microseridinae Subtribe: Anisocoma monospecific SW NAM endemic genus native to BCN; Agoseris 2 spp. native to NW Mexico; Atrichoseris monospecific SW NAM endemic genus native BCN; Calycoseris 2 spp. SW NAM endemic genus native to NW Mexico; Krigia 1 sp. native to NE Mexico; Lygodesmia 1 sp. native to N Mexico; Malacothrix 3 spp. native to N Mexico; Marshalljohnstonia monospecific narrow endemic of NE Mexico; Microseris 3 spp. native to NW Mexico, primarily BCN; Pinaropappus 9 spp. native throughout Mexico, mostly endemic genus; Prenanthella monospecific SW NAM endemic genus native to NW Mexico; Pyrrhopappus 2 spp. native to N+C+SW Mexico, also in USA; Rafinesquia 2 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to N Mexico; Stebbinsoseris 1 sp.  SW NAM endemic genus native to NW Mexico; Stephanomeria 4 spp. native to N Mexico inc. 1 narrow endemic of Guadalupe Is.; Uropappus monospecific W NAM endemic genus native to NW Mexico.  

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Scorzonerinae Subtribe: Tragopogon 2-3 spp. intro throughout Mexico exc. C Mexico.

Mexico Asteraceae: Gochnatioideae Subfamily Genera:

Gochnatioideae Subfamily: Nahuatlea 6 spp., inc. 5 endemics, native throughout Mexico; Tehuasca monospecific narrow endemic of NE Mexico and Ver. 

Mexico Asteraceae: Mutisioideae Subfamily Genera:

Mutisioideae Subfamily: Mutisieae Tribe: Adenocaulon 1 sp. endemic to SE Mexico and Guatemala, rest of genus is North & South America and Asia; Chaptalia 12 spp. native to all of Mexico, inc. ~7 endemics; Leibnitzia 1 sp. mostly Asian genus native throughout Mexico exc. SE.

Mutisioideae Subfamily: Nassauvieae Tribe: Acourtia 80 spp. native to all of Mexico, inc. ~65 endemics; Calorezia 1 sp. S SAM endemic genus native C Chile; Jungia 2 spp. Native, inc. 1 endemic, to S Mexico; Trixis 28 spp. native, inc. ~19 endemic, throughout Mexico.     

Mutisioideae Subfamily: Onoserideae Tribe: Onoseris 1 sp. native to S Mexico. 

Mexico Vernonioideae Subfamily Genera Include:

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Arctotideae Tribe: Arctotheca 1 sp. intro to C Mexico.

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Liabeae Tribe: Liabum 1 sp. native to S Mexico and Ver. 

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Vernonieae Tribe: Bolanosa monospecific endemic genus of NE+SW Mexico; Centratherum 1 sp. intro to C+SE Mexico; Critoniopsis ~22 spp. native NE+SW+C Mexico, Ver, inc. 7-8? endemics; Cyanthillium 1 sp. intro to SE Mexico; Cyrtocymura 1 sp. neoendemic genus native to SE Mexico;  Elephantopus 1 sp. pantropical genus native to all of Mexico; Harleya monospecific Mesoamerica endemic genus native to SE Mexico; Lepidaploa ~9 spp. native to most of Mexico exc. NW; Lepidonia 6 spp. Inc 5 endemics native to S+C Mexico, Ver, rest of genus is endemic to CAM; Orthopappus monospecific Mexico and neoendemic native to NE+S Mexico, Ver; Piptocarpha 1 sp. Neoendemic genus native to S Mexico and Ver; Pseudelephantopus 1 sp. native throughout all of Mexico; Spiracantha monospecific N neoendemic genus native to S+C Mexico, Ver; Stenocephalum 1 sp. mostly SAM genus native to S Mexico; Stramentopappus 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of SW Mexico; Struchium monospecific former neoendemic native to SE Mexico; Trichospira monospecific neoendemic genus native to S Mexico and Ver; Vernonanthura 7 spp. Inc. 5 endemics native throughout Mexico; Vernonia ~18 spp. native, inc 2+ endemics, to N+SW Mexico and Ver; Vickianthus 10 spp. Mexican endemic genus native to all of Mexico; Sinclairia ~26 spp. native and mostly endemic throughout Mexico.

Neotropical Asteraceae Genera Include:

Neotropical Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily Genera:

Asteroideae Subfamily: Anthemideae Tribe: Achillea 1 sp. native to Guatemala, and intro to Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, and Argentina; Anthemis 1 sp. intro to Honduras, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Juan Fernandez Is., Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay; Argyranthemum 1 sp. intro to Nicaragua, Colombia, Bolivia; Artemisia 6-7 spp. cosmopolitan genus native to Guatemala, Hispaniola, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, NW+S Argentina, including 5 narrow high-altitude endemics of Ecuador, Chile, and Argentina, also 1-2 spp. intro to Honduras, Costa Rica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Leeward Is., Juan Fernandez Is., Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and NE Argentina; Chamaemelum 1 sp. intro to Haiti, Colombia; Chrysanthemum 1-2 spp. Intro to Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia; Cladanthus 1 sp. intro to Uruguay; Coleostephus 1 sp. intro to Dominican Republic and Uruguay; Cotula 1-2 spp. intro to Guatemala, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Juan Fernandez Is.; Glebionis 1 sp. intro to El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Uruguay; Matricaria 1 sp. intro to most of CAM, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic; Santolina 1 sp. intro to Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; Soliva 6 spp. native to Costa Rica S to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, E+S Brazil, Chile, and Argentina, mostly endemic to the region; Tanacetum 2 spp. Introduced to most of the Neotropics, exc. Lesser Antilles, Belize, Nicaragua, and French Guiana to Guyana; Tripleurospermum 1 sp. intro to Cuba, Bolivia, and Uruguay.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Astereae Tribe: Apopyros 2 spp. E SAM endemic genus of E+C+S Brazil, Paraguay, NE Argentina; Archibaccharis ~13 spp. native to CAM (exc. Belize) and Colombia, most of genus is endemic to Mexico; Baccharis 380+ spp. native to CAM, Bermuda, Bahamas, Antilles (exc. Aruba, Netherlands Antilles), Galapagos, Juan Fernandez Is, and all of SAM exc. French Guiana; Bellis 1 sp. intro to Costa Rica, Colombia, Bolivia, Uruguay; Blakiella monospecific N SAM endemic to Colombia and Venezuela; Cabreraea monospecific endemic to NW Argentina; Callistephus 1 sp. intro to El Salvador, Honduras, Suriname, and Peru; Chiliophyllum monospecific narrow endemic of NW Argentina; Chiliotrichiopsis 3 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Peru, Bolivia, NW Argentina; Chiliotrichum 1 S SAM endemic sp. native to NW Argentina; Chloracantha monospecific S NAM + CAM endemic sp. native to CAM (exc. Belize); Chrysothamnus 1 former W NAM endemic sp. intro to Dominican Republic; Dichrocephala 1 sp. intro to Guatemala; Diplostephium 56 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, N Chile; Egletes 7 spp. native to CAM (exc. Panama), Antilles (exc. Cayman Is., Puerto Rico), Trinidad-Tobago, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina, including 3 narrow endemic spp. of Colombia and Venezuela (2) and Ecuador (1); Erigeron ~12 spp. cosmopolitan genus native to CAM, Bermuda, Bahamas, Turks-Caicos, Antilles (exc. Aruba, Netherlands), Trinidad-Tobago, Juan Fernandez Is, Galapagos, and SAM; Exostigma 2 spp. C SAM endemic genus of Bolivia, C+S+SE Brazil, Paraguay, N Argentina, Uruguay; Floscaldasia 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador; Flosmutisia monospecific narrow endemic of Colombia; Grindelia ~30 spp., mostly endemics, native to Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Argentina, S Brazil, Uruguay; Gundlachia 2 spp. N neoendemic genus native to the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Leeward Is, Aruba Netherlands Antilles, Venezuela; Gutierrezia 7-8 spp. native to Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, absent CAM & N SAM, rest of genus endemic to NAM; Guynesomia monospecific narrow endemic of Coquimbo, Chile; Gymnosperma monospecific S NAM + Guatemala endemic genus native Guatemala; Haplopappus 75 spp. W+S SAM endemic genus native to Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina; Haroldia monospecific narrow endemic of NW Argentina; Heterotheca 1 sp. native to Belize; Hinterhubera 9 spp. Narrow endemic genus of Colombia and Venezuela; Hysterionica 12 spp. C+S SAM endemic genus native to Bolivia, Paraguay, S Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina; Inulopsis 4 spp. C SAM endemic of Bolivia, Paraguay, and Brazil; Katinasia monospecifc endemic of NW and S Argentina; Kieslingia monospecific endemic of N Chile; Laennecia 9 spp. native to Guatemal, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and N Argenitina, including 2+ spp. Endemic to the Andes; Laestadia 6 spp. Neoendemic genus of the Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia; Leptostelma 6 spp. SAM endemic genus of Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina, and Uruguay; Linochilus 59 spp. N neoendemic genus of Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador; Llerasia 14 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; Microgyne 2 spp. Neoendemic genus of N Argentina and Uruguay; Nardophyllum 7 spp. SAM endemic genus Bolivia, Brazil, NW+S Argentina; Neja 5 spp. E SAM endemic genus of NE Argentina, Uruguay, and S Brazil (also in Cuba?); Noticastrum 21 spp. SAM endemic genus of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Paraguay, S+SE Brazil, Uruguay, C+S Chile, Argentina; Novenia monospecific endemic of Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina; Oritrophium 23 spp. W SAM endemics of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, 2 in genus endemic to Mexico; Osbertia 1 sp. Mexico & Guatemala endemic genus native to Guatemala; Parastrephia 3 spp. neoendemic of Peru, Bolivia, N Chile, NW Argentina, S+SE Brazil; Pityopsis 1 sp. Native to the Bahamas, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras; Plagiocheilus 6 spp. SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Venezuela, N Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and NE Argentina; Podocoma 7 spp. E SAM endemic genus of Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina; Psilactis 1 sp. native to Colombia and Peru; Solidago 13 spp. native to Guatemala, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil and introduced to Nicaragua, Peru, and Colombia; Sommerfeltia 2 spp. neoendemic of NE Argentina, Uruguay, and S Brazil; Symphyotrichum 11 spp. Native to CAM, the Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile and introduced to French Guiana and Guyana; Talamancaster 6 spp. neoendemic genus of Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, and Venezuela; Xylothamia 3 spp. S NAM endemic genus native to N Mexico, inc 1-2 endemics; Westoniella 6 spp. narrow endemic genus of Costa Rica and Panama.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Athroismeae Tribe: Centipeda 1 sp. native to C. Chile. 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Bahieae Tribe: Achyropappus 1 sp. of Mexico & Guatemala endemic genus endemic to Guatemala; Espejoa monospecific Mexico + CAM endemic species native Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica; Florestina 2 spp. native to Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua; Holoschkuhria monospecific endemic of Peru; Nothoschkuhria monospecific narrow endemic of Bolivia and NW Argentina; Schkuhria 1-2 spp. Native to CAM, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, C Chile, Uruguay, and Brazil; Thymopsis 2 spp. Narrow island endemics of Bahamas, Cuba, Turks-Caicos Is. 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Calenduleae Tribe: Calendula 2 spp. Intro to Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, and Argentina. Dimorphotheca 2? spp. intro to El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Bolivia;

Asteroideae Subfamily: Coreopsideae Tribe: Bidens ~70 spp. of cosmopolitan genus native to CAM, Bahamas, Antilles, Trinidad-Tobago, Juan Fernandez Is, Galapagos, tropical SAM S to C Chile, N Argentina; Burnellia 28 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, peru, and Bolivia; Chrysanthellum 4 spp. native to CAM (exc. Belize), Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Galapagos, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, N Argentina, inc. 2 narrow endemics of Galapagos; Coreopsis ?? spp. native Hispaniola, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, N Chile, and intro El Salvador, Costa Rica, Cuba, Uruguay (there were more but were reassigned to Burnellia); Cosmos ~5 spp. former Americas endemic genus native to CAM, Colombia Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, NW Argentina, and C+E Brazil, plus intro to Cuba, Hispaniola, Leeward & Windward Is., Ecuador, N+S Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Paraguay, and subcosmopolitan;  Cyathomone monospecific narrow endemic of Ecuador; Dahlia 3-4 spp. former Mexico & N Neo-endemic genus native to CAM and Colombia, and intro Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Leeward Is., and pantropical; Ericentrodea 6 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia; Goldmanella monospecific Mesoamerica endemic spp. native to SE Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras; Heterosperma 9 spp. native to the Dominican Republic, Colombia (1 endemic), Venezuela, Ecuador (1 endemic), Peru (1 endemic), Bolivia, N Chile, and N Argentina, and intro NE Brazil; Hidalgoa 2 spp. Mexico & neoendemic genera native to Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru; Isostigma 13 spp. SAM endemic genus of Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina; Koehneola monospecific narrow island endemic of Cuba; Narvalina 2 spp. narrow island endemic genus of Hispaniola; Pinillosia monospecific endemic of Cuba and Hispaniola; Tetraperone monospecific island endemic of Cuba; Thelesperma 1 sp. of mostly NAM-endemic genus with disjunct distribution found in NAM + Argentina and Uruguay.     

Asteroideae Subfamily: Eupatorieae Tribe: Acanthostyles 2 spp. SAM endemic genus of Bolivia, Argentina, S Brazil, and Uruguay, including 1 endemic of Argentina; Acritopappus 19 spp., narrow endemic genus of E Brazil; Adenocritonia 2 spp., narrow N neoendemic genus of Guatemala (1) and Jamaica (1); Adenostemma 14 spp., pantropical genus native to Guatemala (1 endemic), Honduras, Nicaragua (1 endemic), Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil (2 endemic), Ecuador (2 endemic), Peru (1 endemic), Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina, and Uruguay, includes 1 Old World sp. intro Colombia, Nicaragua, Ecuador, and Galapagos; Ageratina ~160 spp., former Americas endemic genus native to CAM (exc. Belize), Bahamas, Greater Antilles (exc. Cayman Is.), Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Peru, Bolivia, N+C Chile, and NW Argentina, now intro Bermuda & pantropical; Ageratum 10+ spp., former Americas endemic genus native to CAM, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Cayman Is., Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, N+C+E Brazil, and Bolivia, and now intro. to the Bahamas, Turks-Caicos, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Leeward & Windward Is., Venezuelan Antilles, Trinidad-Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Peru, N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, S Brazil, and subcosmopolitan; Agrianthus 9 spp. narrow endemic genus of E Brazil; Alomiella 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of C Brazil; Amboroa 2 spp. narrow W SAM endemics of Peru (1) and Santa Cruz Bolivia (1); Amolinia monospecific Mesoamerica endemic of SE Mexico, Guatemala & Belize; Antillia monospecific narrow single-island endemic of Cuba; Aristeguietia 21 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and C Chile; Arrojadocharis 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of NE Brazil; Ascidiogyne 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of Peru; Asplundianthus 11 spp. N SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru; Austrobrickellia 3 spp. C+S SAM endemic genus native to Bolivia, Paraguay, S Brazil (1 endemic), and Argentina; Austrocritonia 4 spp. narrow endemic genus of E+S Brazil; Austroeupatorium 15 spp. former neoendemic genus native Panama S through tropical SAM to N Argentina (exc. Suriname, French Guiana, N Chile), genus now intro to Asia; Ayapana 17 spp. former neoendemic genus native to CAM (exc. Belize, El Salvador), tropical SAM S to Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and SE Brazil, and intro to the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and some pantropical; Ayapanopsis 17 spp. SAM endemic genus native to Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina, NE Brazil; Badilloa 11 spp. NW SAM endemic genus of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru; Bahianthus monospecific narrow endemic of E Brazil; Barrosoa 11 spp. SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Venezuela, C+E+S Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina; Bartlettina ~28 spp. native to CAM (exc. Nicaragua), Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and SE Brazil; Bejaranoa 2 spp. SAM endemic genus of E Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina; Bishopiella monospecific narrow endemic of NE Brazil; Bishovia 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of Bolivia (1) and Chaco NE Argentina (1); Brickellia 4 spp. native to CAM, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Trinidad-Tobago, Galapagos, Colombia, Venezuela, N+E+C Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, NW Argentina; Campovassouria 2 spp. SAM endemic genus of Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina; Campuloclinium 16 spp. mostly neoendemic genus of Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina, Uruguay, inc. 11 narrow endemics of Brazil (10), NW Argentina (1), and 1 sp. now intro to Africa; Carminatia 2 spp. S NAM & Mesoamerica genus native to Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras; Castanedia monospecific narrow endemic of Colombia; Catolesia 3 spp. narrow endemic genus of NE Brazil; Cavalcantia 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of N+NE Brazil; Centenaria monospecific endemic of Peru; Chacoa monospecific E SAM endemic genus of Paraguay, S Brazil, NE Argentina; Chromolaena ~160 spp. native to CAM, Bahamas, Turks-Caicos, Greater Antilles, Leeward & Windward Islands, and tropical SAM S to N Argentina (exc. N Chile), and now intro pantropical; Ciceronia monospecific narrow single-island endemic of Cuba; Condylidium 2 spp. neoendemic genus native to Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Islands, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, including 1 narrow endemic of Colombia; Condylopodium 6 spp. endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador; Conocliniopsis monospecific neoendemic genus of Cuba, Colombia, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, NE Brazil; Conoclinium 1 sp. Americas genus native to Cuba; Corethamnium monospecific narrow endemic of Colombia; Critonia 30+ spp. native CAM, Greater Antilles (exc. Cayman Is.), Windward Is., Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, C+S Brazil, Paraguay, N Argentina; Critoniadelphus 2 spp. Mesoamerica endemic genus of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and S Mexico; Critoniella 6 spp. N+W SAM endemic genus of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; Cronquistianthus 23 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; Crossothamnus 4 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; Dasycondylus 9 spp. SAM endemic genus of Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil; Decachaeta 2 spp. Native to Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Panama; Diacranthera 3 spp. narrow endemic genus of NE Brazil; Dissothrix monospecific narrow endemic of NE Brazil; Disynaphia 14 spp. E SAM endemic genera of Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and NE Argentina; Eitenia 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of C Brazil; Ellenbergia monospecific narrow endemic of Peru; Eupatoriastrum 2 spp. native to Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica; Eupatorina monospecific narrow single-island endemic sp. of Hispaniola; Eupatoriopsis monospecific narrow endemic of NE Brazil; Eupatorium ? spp. native to Bermuda, Bahamas, Cuba, Paraguay, SE+S Brazil, and intro Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Venezuela (many of the genus have been transferred—status uncertain);  Ferreyrella 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of Peru;  Fleischmannia ~70 spp. native to CAM, the Greater Antilles (exc. Cayman Is.), Leeward & Windward Is., Trinidad-Tobago, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and N Argentina;  Fleischmanniopsis 4 spp. native Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua, including 2 narrow endemic spp. of Guatemala (1) and Guatemala + El Salvador (1); Gardnerina monospecific narrow endemic of C Brazil; Gongrostylus 2 spp. neoendemic genus of Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador; Goyazianthus monospecific narrow endemic of C Brazil; Grazielia 12 spp. former E SAM endemic genus of Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and NE Argentina; Grisebachianthus 7 spp. narrow single-island endemic genus of Cuba; Grosvenoria 6 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; Guayania 5 spp. N SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, N Brazil; Guevaria 5 spp. narrow endemic genus of Ecuador, Peru; Gymnocondylus monospecific narrow endemic of C Brazil; Gymnocoronis 3 spp. native to Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, N Argentina, and now introduced to Australasia, 2 of the species are native only to Guatemala and Mexico; Gyptidium 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of NE Argentina (1), S Brazil (1); Gyptis 6 spp. E SAM endemic genus of Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, N Argentina, and Uruguay; Hatschbachiella 2 spp. E SAM endemic genus native to Paraguay, N Argentina, SE+S Brazil, and Uruguay; Hebeclinium 28 spp. mostly neoendemic genus native Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Antilles (exc Cayman, Aruba, and Netherlands), tropical SAM S to Peru, Bolivia, NE Argentina, S Brazil; Helogyne 8 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Peru, Bolivia, N Chile, and NW Argentina; Heterocondylus 15 spp. neoendemic genus from Honduras S through tropical SAM to Bolivia, N Argentina, and S Brazil (exc. Guyana and French Guiana); Hofmeisteria 1 sp. mostly Mexico endemic genus native to Colombia; Hughesia monospecific narrow endemic of Peru; Idiothamnus 4 spp. SAM endemic to Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, NW Argentina, and SE Brazil; Iltisia 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of Costa Rica and Panama; Imeria monospecific N SAM endemic to Venezuela and N Brazil; Isocarpha 4 spp. native to CAM (exc. Belize), Cuba, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru; Jaramilloa 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of Colombia; Kaunia 10 spp. SAM endemic genus of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, and N Argentina; Koanophyllon ~90 spp. Native to CAM, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, the Galapagos, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and N Argentina; Kyrsteniopsis 1 sp. of a mostly Mexican endemic genus native to Guatemala; Lapidia monospecific narrow endemic of NE Brazil; Lasiolaena 7 spp. narrow endemic genus of NE Brazil; Lepidesmia monospecific endemic native to Colombia, Venezuela, and intro to Cuba; Leptoclinium monospecific narrow endemic of C Brazil; Litothamnus 3 spp. narrow endemic genus of NE Brazil; Lomatozona 4 spp. narrow endemic genus of C Brazil; Lorentzianthus monospecific SAM endemic of Bolivia and N Argentina; Lourteigia 12 spp. N neoendemic genus of Colombia and Venezuela; Macropodina 3 spp. E SAM endemic genus of S+SE Brazil, Paraguay, and NE Argentina; Macvaughiella 3 spp. Mesoamerica endemic genus native to Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras, including 1 endemic to N CAM; Malmeanthus 3 spp. E SAM endemic genus of S+SE Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and NE Argentina; Mikania ~380 spp. native throughout all of CAM, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and all of tropical/subtropical SAM exc. N Chile, with very high spp. count and endemism in Brazil; Monogereion monospecific narrow endemic of N Brazil; Morithamnus 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of NE Brazil; Neocabreria 6 spp. E SAM endemic genus of S+SE Brazil, Paraguay, and NE Argentina; Neocuatrecasia 13 spp. narrow endemic genus of Peru and Bolivia; Neomirandea 26 spp. mostly neoendemic genus native to CAM, Colombia, and Ecuador; Nothobaccharis monospecific narrow endemic of Peru; Ophryosporus 42 spp. SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, N+C Chile, N Argentina, E+S Brazil; Osmiopsis monospecific single-island endemic of Hispaniola; Oxylobus 2 spp. Mostly mexican genus native to Guatemala, Colombia, and Venezuela; Parapiqueria monospecific narrow endemic of N Brazil; Peteravenia 4 spp. mostly Mesoamerican genus native to Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras (1 endemic), Nicaragua, and Costa Rica; Phalacraea 4 spp. narrow endemic genus of Ecuador and Peru; Phania 3 spp. island endemics of Cuba (2 endemic) and the Dominican Republic; Piqueria 1 sp. mostly Mexican endemic genus native to Costa Rica, Panama, and Hispaniola; Piqueriella monospecific narrow endemic of NE Brazil; Planaltoa 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of C Brazil; Platypodanthera monospecific narrow endemic of NE Brazil; Polyanthina monospecific neoendemic of Costa Rica S to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; Praxeliopsis monospecific endemic of Bolivia and C Brazil; Praxelis 19 spp. Former SAM endemic genus native to Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, N Argentina, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, and Venezuela; Prolobus monospecific narrow endemic of NE Brazil; Pseudobrickellia 3 spp. Narrow endemic of Brazil; Radlkoferotoma 3 spp. E SAM endemic genus of S Brazil and Uruguay; Raulinoreitzia 3 spp. SAM endemic genus of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil; Santosia monospecific narrow endemic of NE Brazil; Scherya monospecific narrow endemic of NE Brazil; Sciadocephala 7 spp. neoendemic genus of Costa Rica, Panama, Guyana (1 endemic), Ecuador (2 endemic), Peru (1 endemic), and C Brazil (1 endemic); Semiria monospecific narrow endemic of NE Brazil; Siapaea monospecific narrow endemic of Venezuela; Spaniopappus 5 spp. single-island endemic genus of Cuba; Sphaereupatorium monospecific SAM endemic of Bolivia and SE+C Brazil; Standleyanthus monospecific narrow endemic of Costa Rica; Stevia ~130 spp. native to CAM (exc. Belize), Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil; Steyermarkina 4 spp. SAM endemic genus of Venezuela and E+S Brazil; Stomatanthes 7 spp. SAM endemic (+3 spp. Native o Africa) native to Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay; Stylotrichium 6 spp. narrow endemic genus of NE Brazil; Symphyopappus 13 spp. SAM endemic genus of Peru and Brazil (exc. N); Teixeiranthus 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of E Brazil; Trichogonia 20 spp. SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay; Trichogoniopsis 3 spp. Brazil endemic genus (exc. N Brazil); Tuberostylis 2 spp. neoendemic genus of Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador; Uleophytum monospecific narrow endemic of Peru; Urolepis monospecific SAM endemic of Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina, Uruguay, and S+SE Brazil; Vittetia 2 spp. Brazil endemic of S+SE Brazil; Zyzyura monospecific narrow endemic of Belize.  

Asteroideae Subfamily: Feddeeae Tribe: Feddea is a monospecific narrow endemic that is critically endangered, found only on serpentine soils in eastern Cuba. 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Gnaphalieae Tribe:  Achyrocline ~40 spp. native to, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and SAM (exc. Suriname, French Guiana, C+S Chile); Anaphalis 1 sp. endemic to C Chile;  Antennaria 2 spp. mostly N temperate genus are S SAM endemic of C+S Chile and NW+S Argentina;  Belloa 5 spp. SAM endemic genus native to Venezuela (1 endemic), Chile (2 endemic to C Chile); Berroa monospecific SAM endemic of Colombia, Bolivia, NE Argentina, Uruguay; Chevreulia 3 spp. former SAM endemic genus native Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, C+S Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, S+SE Brazil, inc 1 narrow endemic of S Brazil, with rest of the genus endemic to Patagonia; Chionolaena 12 spp. narrow endemic genus of E Brazil; Chryselium monospecific N+W SAM endemic of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru; Cuatrecasasiella 2 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, N Chile, NW Argentina; Facelis 3 spp. native to N+C Chile, N Argentina, Paraguay, S Brazil, Uruguay, Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia; Gamochaeta ~50 native CAM (exc. Belize), Bermuda, Bahamas, Greater Antilles (exc. Cayman Is.), Leeward Is., Juan Fernandez Is., and all of SAM (exc. Suriname, French Guiana); Gnaphaliothamnus 3 spp. native to Guatemala (1 endemic), Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela; Gnaphalium 1-2 spp. cosmopolitan genus native Ecuador, C Chile, and intro to Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Cayman Is., Venezuela, Guyana, Paraguay, and Bolivia; Jalcophila 4 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; Lucilia 10 spp. SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina; Mexerion 1 sp. mostly Mexican genus native to Guatemala and Costa Rica; Micropsis 5 spp. native to C Chile, Juan Fernández Is., Paraguay, Uruguay, S Brazil, and Argentina; Mniodes 22 spp. SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, N Chile, and N Argentina;  Pseudognaphalium ~45 spp. Native throughout CAM, plus Hispaniola, Jamaica, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and S+SE Brazil, with high endemism at high altitudes in CAM and the Andes; Psilocarphus 2 spp. of otherwise NAM genus disjunct native to C Chile; Rhodanthe 1 sp. intro Colombia; Xerochrysum 1 sp. intro to Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and Cuba.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Helenieae Tribe: Gaillardia 3 spp. native to Argentina (2 narrow endemics), Uruguay, S Brazil, inc. 1 sp. intro to Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Trinidad-Tobago, Bahamas, Cuba, Colombia, Bolivia, and subcosmopolitan; Helenium 3-4 spp. native to Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, Chile, N Argentina, Uruguay, intro Trinidad-Tobago, and Peru; Hymenoxys 3 spp. native to Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, S Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Heliantheae Tribe: Acmella 28 spp. pantropical genus native to CAM, Bahamas, the Antilles (exc. Cayman, Aruba, and Netherlands), Trinidad-Tobago, Galapagos, most of SAM (exc. N + S Chile), and 1 Asian sp. intro to Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, inc. narrow endemics of Guatemala + Belize (1), N Brazil (2), Ecuador (1), and Galapagos (1); Aldama ~85 spp. native to Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, N+C Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, with high endemism in the Brazilian Cerrado and Andean valleys; Ambrosia ~13 spp. native to CAM, the Antilles (exc. Aruba, Netherlands Antilles), the Bahamas, Trinidad-Tobago, and almost all of SAM exc. C Brazil, genus now cosmopolitan; Aspilia ~40 spp. native to Colombia, Brazil, Paraguay, and NE Argentina, with the rest of the genus native to Africa; Austroflourensia 12 spp. SAM endemic genus of Peru (5 endemics), Bolivia (1 endemic), C Chile, and Argentina, with another 3 narrow endemics in NW Argentina; Baltimora 2 spp. native to CAM, Cuba, Hispaniola, the Netherlands Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay; Blainvillea 2 spp. inc. 1 neoendemic of Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, and the Galapagos and 1 sp. intro to Brazil, with the rest of the genus pantropical; Borrichia 3 spp. native to Honduras, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Turks-Caicos, the Greater Antilles, the Leeward & Windward Islands, and Peru (1 endemic); Calyptocarpus 3 spp. native to CAM, the Bahamas, Cuba, Cayman Is., the Dominican Republic, Venezuela, E+S Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina; Clibadium 39 spp. native to CAM, Cuba, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Leeward & Windward Is., Venezuelan Antilles, Trinidad-Tobago, and tropical SAM S to Peru, NW Argentina, Paraguay, and S Brazil; Delilia 2 spp. native to CAM, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, E+S Brazil, Ecuador, Galapagos (1 endemic), Bolivia, and NW Argentina, and intro Cuba; Dendroviguiera 1 sp. endemic to Costa Rica, Panama; Dimerostemma 32 spp. SAM endemic genus of Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina; Echinacea 1 sp. intro to Costa Rica, Venezuela, and Bolivia; Eclipta 4 spp. native to CAM, the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, and SAM, inc. 1 endemic to Colombia and 1 Americas-wide sp. are also intro to the rest of the Greater & Lesser Antilles (exc. Jamaica), Galapagos and now cosmopolitan; Elaphandra 14 spp. neoendemic genus of Panama, Trinidad-Tobago, Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, N Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia; Electranthera 1 sp. Mexican and CAM endemic genus native Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras; Eleutheranthera 2 spp. native to CAM (exc. El Salvador), Bahamas, Antilles (exc. Aruba, Netherlands), and tropical SAM S to Peru, Bolivia, C+S Brazil, inc. 1 narrow endemic of Colombia and other sp. now intro pantropical; Encelia 3 spp. native to Peru (1 endemic), Bolivia, N+C Chile, Galapagos (1 endemic); Eremosis 10 spp. Mexico & neoendemic genus native CAM, Ecuador, NE Brazil, inc 3 narrow endemic spp. of Guatemala (2), Honduras (1); Heiseria 3 spp. narrow endemic genus of Peru;   Helianthus 1-2 spp. Intro to Cuba, Hispaniola, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Bolivia, Peru, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, and Argentina; Heliopsis 4 spp. inc. 3 endemics native to CAM (exc. Belize, El Salvador), Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and N+SE Brazil; Hymenostephium 14 spp. native to CAM (exc. Belize), Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and NW Argentina; Idiopappus monospecific endemic of Ecuador; Iogeton monospecific narrow endemic of Panama; Jefea 1 sp. endemic to Guatemala; Kingianthus 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of Ecuador; Lagascea 2 spp. native to CAM (exc. Panama), Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and N Argentina; Lantanopsis 3 spp. island endemics of Cuba (1) and Hispaniola (1); Lasianthaea 2 spp. native to CAM and Venezuela, most of genus is endemic to Mexico; Leptocarpha monospecific narrow endemic of C Chile; Lundellianthus 7 spp. native to Guatemela, Belize, El Salvador, and Nicaragua; Melanthera 3 spp. native to CAM, the Bahamas, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and tropical SAM S to N Argentina (exc. N Chile, Suriname, and French Guiana); Monactis 12 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; Montanoa ~8 spp. native to CAM, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru, and intro to NE Argentina; Oblivia 3 spp. N neoendemic genus of Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; Otopappus 3-4 spp. native to CAM (exc. Panama), Colombia, and Jamaica; Oxycarpha monospecific endemic genus of Colombia and Venezuela; Oyedaea 24 spp. neoendemic genus of Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Guyana, Peru, Bolivia, C+NE Brazil; Pappobolus 37 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; Parthenium 4 spp. Native to CAM (exc. El Salvador), SAM (exc. Peru, Chile, and S Brazil), Cuba, Jamaica, and the Lesser Antilles; Pascalia 2 spp. native to Bolivia, Paraguay, N Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina; Perymenium ~12 spp. Native to CAM (exc. Panama), Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; Philactis 1 sp. native to Guatemala, mostly Mexican genus; Podachaenium 2 spp. native to CAM (exc. Panama), and Colombia; Podanthus 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of C Chile; Rensonia monospecific Mesoamerica genus native Guatemala, El Salvador, and Costa Rica; Riencourtia 6 spp. neoendemic genus of Panama, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, and Bolivia; Rojasianthe monospecific narrow endemic of SE Mexico and Guatemala; Rudbeckia 1 sp. intro to Colombia, Bolivia, and Cuba; Salmea 9 spp. Native to CAM, the Bahamas and the Greater Antilles (with 5 single-island endemics of Cuba), Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, peru, Bolivia, C+SE Brazil, Paraguay, and NW Argentina; Sanvitalia 2 spp. native to Guatemala, Bolivia, Paraguay, and N Argentina; Scalesia 15 spp. narrow endemic genus of the Galapagos; Schizoptera monospecific narrow endemic genus of Ecuador and Peru; Sclerocarpus 2 spp. native to CAM, Colombia, and Venezuela; Simsia 3 spp. native to CAM (exc. Belize; inc. 2? CAM endemics), Colombia, Venezuela, E+S Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and N Argentina; Sphagneticola 2 spp. native to CAM (exc. El Salvador), the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and tropical SAM S to Bolivia and NE Argentina (exc. Uruguay); Spilanthes 3 spp. native to Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay (1 endemic), and Brazil, with most of genus been transferred to Acmella, and rest of the genus being pantropical; Squamopappus monospecific Mesoamerican endemic of SE Mexico and Guatemala; Steiractinia 14 spp. N SAM endemic genus of Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela; Syncretocarpus 3 spp. Peru endemic genus; Synedrella monospecific native of CAM, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and tropical SAM S to Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and S Brazil; Synedrellopsis monospecific former SAM endemic of Bolivia, Paraguay, and N Argentina; Tetrachyron 2 spp. Mesoamerican endemic genus native to Guatemala, most are in Mexico; Tetranthus 4 spp. Caribbean endemic genus all narrow endemics of the Bahamas (1), the Dominican Republic (2), and Haiti (1); Tilesia 3 spp. neoendemic genus of Cuba, Hispaniola, Costa Rica S to Bolivia, N Brazil, also Paraguay, S Brazil, and NE Argentina; Tithonia 3 spp. native to CAM and introduced throughout the Caribbean, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; Trigonopterum monospecific narrow endemic of the Galapagos; Tuberculocarpus monospecific N SAM endemic of Venezuela and N Brazil; Tuxtla monospecific disjunct endemic to Veracruz (Mexico) and Costa Rica; Verbesina 150+ spp. native throughout the Neotropics, exc. N Brazil, Suriname, and French Guiana, inc. 1 sp. now intro subcosmopolitan; Viguiera 10 spp. native to Guatemala (1 endemic), Belize, Honduras, Venezuela (3), Peru (2), N Chile, NW Argentina, and Paraguay (2), and intro to Colombia and Cuba; Wamalchitamia 2 spp. mostly Mexican genus native to Guatemala, Honduras (1 endemic), Nicaragua, and Costa Rica; Wedelia ~130 spp. native to CAM, the Caribbean Islands, and most of SAM exc. Chile, Suriname, and French Guiana; Xanthium 3 spp. Native to Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Peru, E+S Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, and Argentina, and introduced to Cuba, Haiti, Venezuela, N Brazil, and now cosmopolitan; Zexmenia 4 spp. Native to Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Bolivia (1 endemic), Paraguay, and N Argentina; Zinnia 2 spp. native to CAM (exc. Costa Rica and Panama where intro), Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and N Argentina and is intro to the Greater Antilles; Zyzyxia monospecific narrow endemic genus of Guatemala and Belize. 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Inuleae Tribe: Blumea 1-2 spp. intro to Galapagos and C Brazil; Dittrichia 1 sp. intro C Chile; Epaltes 3 spp. mostly pantropical genus native Guatemala, Leeward & Windward Is., Cuba (1 endemic), N+NE Brazil; Pentanema 1 sp. intro to Colombia; Pseudoconyza monospecific ~pantropical genus native to CAM (exc. Belize), Cuba, the Bahamas, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; Pterocaulon ~11 spp. native, many endemic to Andes and Brazillian highlands, native to Nicaragua, the Antilles, and tropical SAM S to Peru and N Argentina (exc. French Guiana), rest of genus in Australasia; Sachsia 3 spp. Caribbean endemic genus native to the Bahamas, Cuba (2 narrow endemics), Hispaniola, Jamiaca; Stenachaenium 5 spp. E SAM endemic genus of S+SE Brazil (2 endemics), Paraguay, Uruguay, and NE Argentina; Tessaria 5 spp. neoendemic genus of Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, N+S Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, N+C Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Madieae Tribe: Amblyopappus monospecific W. American endemic genus native to N+NC Chile, Juan Fernandez Is.; Eriophyllum 1 sp. endemic to N+C Chile, Juan Fernandez Is, other 13 spp. mostly endemic to W USA; Lasthenia 1 sp. endemic to C+S Chile, S Argentina, most of genus endemic to W USA; Madia 2 spp. native to Chile (1 endemic), NW+S Argentina, most of genus endemic to the W USA.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Millerieae Tribe: Acanthospermum 6 spp. former neoendemic genus native to CAM (exc. Belize) and tropical SAM S to N Argentina (exc. N Chile), Antilles (exc. Aruba, Cayman Is.) and now introduced pantropically; Alepidocline 2 spp. native to Guatemala, Venezuela (1 narrow endemic of Tachira); Alloispermum 9 spp. native to Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Colombia (2 endemics), Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru (1 endemic); Aphanactis 11 spp. neoendemic genus of Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia; Cymophora 1 sp. endemic to N Venezuela; Desmanthodium 2 spp. endemic to Venezuela (1) and CAM (1) in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras; Espeletia 141 spp. N SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador; Freya monospecific narrow endemic of Venezuela; Galinsoga 6 spp. Native to CAM (exc. Belize), Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Leeward & Windward Is, Juan Fernandez Is, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, SE+S Brazil, Uruguay, and intro Bahamas, genus now cosmopolitan; Guizotia 1 sp. intro to Costa Rica; Ichthyothere 27 spp. neoendemic genus of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina; Jaegeria 9 spp. Native to CAM (exc. Belize), Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, S Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina; Lecocarpus 4 spp. narrow endemic genus of the Galapagos; Melampodium 14 spp. native to CAM, Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil and intro to Bolivia, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic; Milleria monospecific endemic genus native throughout CAM, Cuba, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; Oteiza 1 sp. endemic to Guatemala, rest of genus is Mexican; Rumfordia 1 sp. native to Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama, most of genus is Mexican; Sabazia ~11 spp. native to Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica (1 endemic), Panama, and Colombia (1 endemic); Schistocarpha ~11 spp. Native to CAM, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina; Selloa 1 sp. endemic to Colombia, and the other 2 spp. endemic to Mexico; Sigesbeckia 4 spp. inc. 3 native to CAM (exc. Belize), Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, N Argentina, C+S Chile, and Hispaniola and intro to Guyana, Brazil, and Paraguay, inc. 2 endemic to the Andes; Smallanthus 19 spp. native to CAM, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, E+S Brazil, C Chile, Uruguay, and N Argentina; Stachycephalum 2 spp. endemic to Ecuador (1), Bolivia, and NW Argentina; Tamananthus monospecific narrow endemic of Venezuela; Tridax 8 spp. native to CAM (exc. Honduras), the Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, S Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and N Argentina; Trigonospermum 2 spp. native to Guatemala and Honduras, most of genus endemic to Mexico.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Neurolaeneae Tribe: Calea ~150 spp. native to CAM, Jamaica, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuelan Antilles, and tropical SAM S to Peru, Bolivia, NE Argentina, with almost 60 endemic to Brazil alone; Enydra 4 spp. inc 3 native to Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Venezuela (1 endemic), Ecuador, Peru, NE+S Brazil, NE Argentina, Uruguay, and 1 Old World intro to Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, S Brazil, Uruguay; Heptanthus 7 spp. single-island endemic genus of Cuba; Neurolaena 4 spp. Native to CAM (1 endemic to Guatemala), the Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, N Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; Staurochlamys monospecific endemic to N+NE+C Brazil; Unxia 2 spp. neoendemic genus of Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, N Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Perityleae Tribe: Galeana monospecific native of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Colombia; Perityle 2-3 spp. native to Peru and N+C Chile; Villanova 5 spp. native to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Plucheeae Tribe: Pluchea ~25 spp. pantropical genus native to CAM, the Antilles, and tropical SAM S to N Chile and N Argentina (exc. French Guiana).    

Asteroideae Subfamily: Senecioneae Tribe: Abrotanella 1 sp. of S Hemisphere genus endemic to the Juan Fernandez Is.; Aequatorium 12 spp. N SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador; Aetheolaena 27 spp. N+W SAM endemic genus of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; Angeldiazia monospecific endemic of Peru; Antillanthus 17 spp. single-island endemic genus of Cuba; Arbelaezaster monospecific N SAM endemic to Colombia and Venezuela; Barkleyanthus monospecific native in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras; Blennosperma 1 sp. narrow endemic to C Chile, other 2 spp. endemic to California, USA; Cabreriella 2 spp. N SAM endemic genus of Colombia and Venezuela; Caxamarca 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of Peru; Chaetacalia monospecific narrow endemic of Bolivia; Charadranaetes monospecific narrow endemic of Costa Rica; Chersodoma 11 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Peru, Bolivia, N Chile, and NW Argentina; Crassocephalum 1 sp. intro to Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico; Culcitium 13 spp. SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador (1 endemic), Peru, Bolivia (1 endemic), Chile, and NW Argentina; Curio 1 sp. intro Puerto Rico, Colombia?; Delairea 2 spp. inc. 1 endemic to Peru and another a southern Africa intro to Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Uruguay, Juan Fernandez Is.; Dendrophorbium 83 spp. SAM endemic genus native to Leeward & Windward Is., Trinidad-Tobago (1 narrow endemic extinct), Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, S+SE Brazil, N Argentina; Digitacalia 1 sp. endemic to Nicaragua, rest are Mexican; Dorobaea 3 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru; Dresslerothamnus 5 spp. narrow endemic genus of Costa Rica (1), Panama (2), Colombia (1), and another in Costa Rica and Panama; Ekmaniopappus monospecific single-island endemic of Hispaniola; Elekmania 9 spp. single-island endemic genus of Hispaniola; Emilia 4 spp. pantropical genus native to CAM, Greater Antilles (exc. Cayman), Leeward & Windward Is., Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, C Brazil, NE Argentina, and intro Venezuelan Antilles and SE Brazil; Erechtites 2 spp. native to CAM, Bahamas, Antilles (exc.  Aruba, Netherlands), tropical SAM S to N Chile, N Argentina; Euryops 1 sp. intro Guatemala; Garcibarrigoa 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of Andes of Colombia and Ecuador; Graphistylis 9 spp. narrow endemic genus of S+SE Brazil; Gynoxys 130 spp. SAM endemic genus of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina; Gynura 1-2 spp. intro to Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Leeward Is, Trinidad-Tobago, Colombia; Haplosticha 3 spp. endemic genus to the Patagonia region, inc. C+S Chile (1 endemic) and S Argentina, 1-3 may extend just into the neozone in C Chile; Herodotia monospecific single-island endemic of Hispaniola; Herreranthus monospecific single-island endemic of Cuba; Hoehnephytum 3 spp. endemic genus of C+E Brazil; Ignurbia monospecific single-island endemic of Hispaniola; Jacmaia monospecific single-island endemic of Jamaica; Jacobaea 1 sp. intro. Cuba, Costa Rica, and Colombia; Jessea 3 spp. narrow endemic genus of Costa Rica and Panama; Kleinia 1 sp. intro to El Salvador; Lasiocephalus 4 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador; Leonis monospecific narrow endemic genus of Cuba and Hispaniola; Lundinia monospecific endemic of Cuba and the Dominican Republic; Mattfeldia monospecific single-island narrow endemic of Haiti; Misbrookea monospecific endemic of Peru and Bolivia; Monticalia 82 spp. neoendemic genus of Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru; Nelsonianthus 1 sp. Mesoamerican endemic genus native to Guatemala; Nesampelos 3 spp. single-island endemic genus of Hispaniola; Odontocline 6 spp. single-island endemic genus of Jamaica; Oldfeltia monospecific single-island endemic genus of Cuba; Paracalia 3 spp. endemic genus of Peru and Bolivia; Paragynoxys 12 spp. endemic genus of Colombia and Venezuela; Pentacalia ~145 spp. native to CAM (exc. Belize), Jamaica, Trinidad-Tobago, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and E+S Brazil, with most endemic to montane Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru; Pericallis 1 sp. intro Colombia; Pittocaulon 1 sp. mostly Mexican endemic genus native to Guatemala; Psacaliopsis 2 spp. native to Guatemala (1 endemic), Honduras, and El Salvador, also in S Mexico; Psacalium 2-3 spp. native to Guatemala; Pseudogynoxys ~15 spp. native to CAM, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, and N Argentina and intro to Guyana, Suriname, the Bahamas, the Dominican Republic, Leeward Is. and Puerto Rico; Robinsonecio 1 sp. native to Guatemala, another species is endemic to Mexico; Robinsonia 8 spp. narrow island endemic genus of Juan Fernandez Is.; Roldana ~14 spp. native to CAM (exc. Belize) and Colombia; Scrobicaria 3 spp. N SAM endemic of Colombia and Venezuela; Senecio ~180 spp. cosmopolitan genus native to Guatemala, Honduras, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil (exc. N), Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina (100+ endemic) with very high levels of local endemism restricted to particular montane or geographic regions; Shafera monospecific single-island endemic genus of Cuba; Talamancalia 2 spp. endemic genus of Costa Rica (1 endemic) and Panama; Telanthophora 7 spp. native to CAM and Colombia; Werneria 47 spp. native to Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, N+C Chile, NW+S Argentina, with high endemism in Peru and Bolivia; Zemisia 2 spp. native Guatemala, El Salvador, and Jamaica (1 endemic).

Asteroideae Subfamily: Tageteae Tribe: Adenophyllum 1 sp. native to Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Cuba; Comaclinium monospecific genus native CAM (exc. Belize); Dyssodia 4 spp. native to Guatemala, and disjunct in Peru (2 endemics), Bolivia, and NW Argentina; Flaveria 3 spp. native to Belize, the Bahamas, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Cayman Is., Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Windward Is., Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, C+NE Brazil, N+C Chile, and Argentina; Harnackia monospecific single-island endemic genus of Cuba; Jaumea 1 sp. endemic to NE Argentina and Uruguay, another species is disjunct in W North America; Lescaillea monospecific single-island endemic of Cuba;  Pectis ~50 spp. native throughout CAM, the Antilles, and tropical SAM S to Peru and N Argenitina (exc. S Brazil), inc. several single- or a few-island endemics in the Caribbean as well as isolated endemic SAM populations; Porophyllum 12 spp. native to CAM, the Bahamas, the Antilles, and tropical SAM S to N Chile and N Argentina; Schizotrichia 3 spp. narrow endemic genus of Peru; Tagetes ~11 spp. Native to CAM (exc. Belize where intro), and neotropical SAM S to C Chile and S Argentina (exc. Guyana, Suriname, and N Brazil where intro and French Guiana where absent), and also intro into the Antilles and now subcosmopolitan; Thymophylla 1 sp. disjunct native (mostly North America) of Argentina.

Neotropical Asteraceae: Barnadesioideae Subfamily Genera:

Barnadesioideae Subfamily: Archidasyphyllum 2 spp. Patagonia endemic genus? native to C+S Chile, S Argentina, inc 1 species endemic to C Chile (may extend into neo zone); Arnaldoa 4 spp. narrow endemic genus of Ecuador and Peru; Barnadesia 23 spp. SAM endemic genus native to Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, C+SE Brazil, and NW Argentina; Chuquiraga 23 spp. SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, N+C Chile, and Argentina; Dasyphyllum 36 spp. SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and N Argentina; Doniophyton 2 spp. SAM endemic genus native to N+C Chile and Argentina; Duseniella monospecific narrow endemic of Argentina;  Fulcaldea 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of Bahia NE Brazil (1 endemic) and Ecuador + Peru (1 endemic); Huarpea monospecific narrow endemic genus of NW Argentina; Schlechtendalia monospecific E SAM endemic genus of NE Argentina, Uruguay, and S Brazil.    

Neotropical Asteraceae: Carduoideae Subfamily Genera:

Carduoideae Subfamily: Cardueae Tribe: Arctium 1 sp. Eurasian intro NE+S Brazil, Uruguay; Carduus 1-2 spp. intro Bolivia and Uruguay; Carthamus 3 spp. intro to El Salvador, Nicaragua, Cuba, Juan Fernandez Is, Colombia, Chile, Paraguay, Argentina, S Brazil, Uruguay; Centaurea 4-6 spp. intro to Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Cuba, Juan Fernandez Is., Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, S Brazil, and Uruguay; Centaurodendron 3 spp. narrow endemics of Juan Fernandez Is.; Cirsium 2-4 spp. N hemisphere genus native to CAM, the Bahamas, and Colombia and intro to Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Juan Fernandez Is., Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay; Cynara 1 sp. intro to Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Juan Fernandez Is.; Onopordum 1 sp. intro to Uruguay; Plectocephalus 11 spp. native to N+C Chile (10 endemics), Paraguay, S Brazil, Uruguay, and NE Argentina, mostly narrow endemics of N (2) and C (5) Chile; Silybum 1 sp. intro Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina; Volutaria 1 sp. intro to C Chile; Yunquea monospecific narrow endemic of Juan Fernandez Is.

Neotropical Asteraceae: Cichorioideae Subfamily Genera:

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Cichoriinae Subtribe: Cichorium 2 spp. intro to Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Windward Is., Juan Fernandez Is., Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay; Tolpis 1 sp. intro to Venezuela.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Crepidinae Subtribe: Crepis 2 spp.? intro to Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Juan Fernandez Is.; Lapsana 1 sp. intro to Hispaniola, Jamaica, Juan Fernandez Is., Colombia, Venezuela, and Bolivia; Taraxacum ~4 spp. native to Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, S Brazil, C+S Chile, and Argentina and intro to Cuba, the Bahamas, Ecuador, E Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay; Youngia 2 spp. intro to CAM (exc. Belize), the Bahamas and the Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guayana, and Paraguay.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hieraciinae Subtribe: Hieracium ~120+ spp. native, with 19 spp. native and largely endemic to high-elevation cloud forests in CAM and Hispaniola, with another ~100 species native to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, C Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina, many of which are endemic to the Andes and Brazilian highlands.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hyoseridinae Subtribe: Launaea 1 sp. intro to Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, Peru, the Bahamas, the Antilles, and Trinidad-Tobago; Sonchus 2-4 spp. intro to CAM, the Bahamas, the Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil (exc. N), Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, C Chile, Uruguay, and NE Argentina.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hypochaeridinae Subtribe: Hedypnois 1 sp. intro to C Chile, NE Argentina, and Uruguay; Helminthotheca 1 sp. intro to Uruguay; Hypochaeris ~120 spp. native to  Colombia, Venezuela, S+SE Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina, with 80-90% endemic to South America, and 1-2 spp. have been introduced to Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, and Jamaica, and a few species are native to Eurasia; Leontodon 1 sp. intro to Haiti; Urospermum 1 sp. intro Uruguay.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Lactucinae Subtribe: Lactuca 4? spp. native to Guatemala and Hispaniola, and intro to the rest of CAM, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Colombia, Venezuela, S Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, C Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Microseridinae Subtribe: Agoseris 2 spp. native to NW Argentina and C Chile (1 narrow endemic of northern C Chile); Malacothrix 2 spp. disjunct natives of N+C Chile, with rest of the genus in W North America; Microseris 1 sp. disjunct North American species also native to Peru, N+C Chile; Picrosia 2 spp. SAM endemic genus of Bolivia, Paraguay, N Chile, S Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina; Pinaropappus 2 spp. native to Guatemala.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Scorzonerinae Subtribe: Pseudopodospermum 1 sp. intro to Puerto Rico; Tragopogon 1 sp. intro to Haiti.  

Neotropical Asteraceae: Famatinanthoideae Subfamily Genera:

Famatinanthoideae Subfamily: Famatinanthus monospecific narrow endemic genus and subfamily of NW Argentina, one of the earliest diverging Asteraceae.

Neotropical Asteraceae: Gochnatioideae Subfamily Genera:

Gochnatioideae Subfamily: Anastraphia 33 spp. Caribbean endemic genus, mostly all single-island endemics of Cuba, Hispaniola, Bahamas, and Turks-Caicos; Cnicothamnus 2 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Bolivia, NW Argentina, and Paraguay; Cyclolepis monospecific SAM endemic genus of Paraguay, Argentina; Gochnatia 17 spp. neoendemic genus native to Ecuador, Peru (5 endemic), Bolivia (2), C+S Chile (1), Paraguay, Argentina (1), E Brazil (2), and Cuba (1); Moquiniastrum 22 spp. SAM endemic genus of Venezuela, E+S Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina; Richterago 17 spp. Brazil endemic genus, exc. N Brazil; Vickia monospecific narrow endemic of SE+S Brazil.

Neotropical Asteraceae: Mutisioideae Subfamily Genera:

Mutisioideae Subfamily: Mutisieae Tribe: Adenocaulon 1 sp. endemic to SE Mexico and Guatemala, rest of genus is North & South America and Asia; Brachyclados 2 spp. S SAM endemic genus native to C Chile and Argentina; Chaetanthera ~29 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Peru (2 endemic), Bolivia, Chile (~18 endemic), NW+S Argentina; Chaptalia ~30-40 spp. native to CAM, the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles (exc. Cayman Is.), Leeward & Windward Is, Trinidad-Tobago, and tropical SAM S to C Chile and N Argentina (exc. French Guiana and N Chile); Gerbera 1 sp. intro CAM (exc. Belize), Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad-Tobago, and Colombia; Leibnitzia 1 sp. mostly Asian genus native Guatemala; Lulia monospecific narrow endemic of SE+S Brazil; Mutisia ~62 spp. SAM endemic genus native to Colombia, Venezuela, S+SE Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina; Pachylaena 2 spp. S SAM endemic genus of N+C Chile (1 endemic of N Chile) and NW+S Argentina; Panphalea 10 spp. W SAM endemic to Paraguay, Uruguay, S Brazil, and NE Argentina; Trichocline 23 spp. SAM endemic genus of  Bolivia, Paraguay, N+C Chile, Uruguay, S+SE Brazil, and Argentina.

Mutisioideae Subfamily: Nassauvieae Tribe: Acourtia 3 spp. native Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras; Ameghinoa monospecific endemic to NW and S Argentina; Berylsimpsonia 2 spp. Caribbean endemic genus of Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico, inc. 1 narrow endemic of Haiti; Cephalopappus monospecific narrow endemic of E Brazil; Criscia monospecific E SAM endemic of NE Argentina, Uruguay, S Brazil; Dolichlasium monospecific endemic of Argentina; Holocheilus 7 spp. SAM endemic genus of Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, S+SE Brazil, and N Argentina; Jungia 29 spp. native to Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (exc N+NE), Paraguay, N Chile, Uruguay, and N Argentina; Leucheria ~33 spp. SAM endemic genus native to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Chile, and NW+S Argentina; Leunisia monospecific narrow endemic genus of C Chile; Lophopappus 4 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Peru, Bolivia, N Chile, and NW Argentina; Marticorenia monospecific narrow endemic of N+C Chile; Moscharia 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of C Chile; Nassauvia ~25 spp. native to Bolivia, Chile, NW+S Argentina; Oxyphyllum monospecific narrow endemic of N Chile; Pamphalea 10 spp. E SAM endemic genus of Paraguay, Uruguay, S Brazil, and NE Argentina; Perezia 33 spp. SAM endemic? native to Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, S+SE Brazil, Paraguay, Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina; Pleocarphus monospecific endemic of N+C Chile; Proustia 4 spp. SAM endemic genus native Peru (2 endemic), Chile (1), Bolivia, and N Argentina; Triptilion 3 spp. Chile (2 endemic) + NW Argentina endemic genus; Trixis ~15 spp. native to CAM (exc. Belize), the Greater Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (exc. N), Paraguay, N Chile, Uruguay, and N Argentina. 

Mutisioideae Subfamily: Onoserideae Tribe: Aphyllocladus 4 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Bolivia, C Chile (1 endemic), NW Argentina (2); Chucoa monospecific narrow endemic genus of Peru; Gypothamnium monospecific narrow endemic genus of N Chile; Lycoseris 11 spp. neoendemic genus from Guatemala S to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and C Brazil; Onoseris 31 spp. Native to CAM, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, C Brazil, and NW Argentina and intro to N Brazil; Paquirea monospecific narrow endemic genus of Peru; Plazia 4 spp. W SAM endemic to Peru, Bolivia, N+C Chile, and NW Argentina; Urmenetea monospecific narrow endemic genus of N Chile and NW Argentina. 

Neotropical Asteraceae: Stifftioideae Subfamily Genera:

Stifftioideae Subfamily: Achnopogon 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of Venezuela; Duidaea 4 spp. narrow endemic genus of Venezuela; Eurydochus monospecific narrow endemic genus of Venezuela and N Brazil; Glossarion 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of Amazonas, Venezuela and Amazonas, N Brazil; Gongylolepis 14 spp. N SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, N+NE Brazil; Hyaloseris 7 spp. SAM endemic genus of Bolivia and N Argentina; Neblinaea monospecific narrow endemic of Venezuela and N Brazil; Quelchia 4 spp. SAM endemic genus of Guyana and Venezuela; Salcedoa monospecific narrow endemic of the Dominican Republic; Stifftia 6 spp. former Brazilian endemic genus of N+E+S Brazil, also intro in Trinidad-Tobago. 

Neotropical Asteraceae: Vernonioideae Subfamily Genera:

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Arctotideae Tribe: Arctotis 1 sp. introduced to Guatemala, S Brazil, Uruguay, and NE Argentina; Gazania 1 sp. introduced to Bolivia.

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Liabeae Tribe: Austroliabum 3 spp. narrow endemic genus of N Argentina; Bishopanthus 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of Peru; Cacosmia 3 spp. narrow endemic genus of Ecuador (2 endemic) and Peru; Chionopappus monospecific narrow endemic of Peru; Chrysactinium 7 spp. narrow endemic genus of Ecuador and Peru; Dillandia 3 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; Erato 5 spp. neoendemic genus of Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia; Ferreyranthus 8 spp. narrow endemic genus of Ecuador and Peru; Liabum 37 spp. mostly neoendemics native to CAM (exc. Belize), Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Colombia, Venezuela, N Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina; Microliabum 3 spp. narrow endemic genus of Bolivia and NW Argentina;  Munnozia 44 spp. neoendemic genus of Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina; Oligactis 6 spp. neoendemic genus of Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador; Paranephelius 3 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina; Philoglossa 5 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; Pseudonoseris 4 spp. narrow endemic genus of Bolivia and Peru; Sampera 8 spp. W SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; Sinclairia 7-8 spp. native to CAM and Colombia. 

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Moquinieae Tribe: Moquinia monospecific narrow endemic genus of E Brazil; Pseudostifftia monospecific narrow endemic of NE Brazil. 

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Vernonieae Tribe: Acanthodesmos 2 spp. single-island endemics of Cuba (1) and Jamaica (1); Acilepidopsis monospecific E SAM endemic genus of Bolivia, C+SE+S Brazil, Paraguay, and NE Argentina; Albertinia monospecific narrow endemic genus of E Brazil; Anteremanthus 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of E Brazil; Allocephalus monospecific endemic of C Brazil;  Baccharoides 1 sp. intro Jamaica; Blanchetia 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of NE Brazil; Caatinganthus 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of NE Brazil; Centratherum 3 spp. former SAM endemic genus native to Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and NE Argentina and now intro to CAM (exc. Belize), Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Leeward & Windward Is., Trinidad-Tobago, Galapagos, and pantropical; Chresta 18 spp. SAM endemic genus of Brazil and Bolivia; Chronopappus 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of SE Brazil; Chrysolaena 19 spp. SAM endemic genus of Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, N Argentina, Uruguay; Cololobus 5 spp narrow endemic genus of SE Brazil; Critoniopsis ~80 spp. native to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, S+SE Brazil; Cyanthillium 1 sp. intro CAM (exc. El Salvador), Antilles (exc. Cayman, Jamaica, Venezuelan), Trinidad-Tobago, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, N+E Brazil, Ecuador; Cyrtocymura 6 spp. neoendemic genus native SE Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Haiti (1 endemic), and tropical SAM S to N Argentina (exc. N Chile), inc. 3 narrow endemics of E Brazil; Dasyandantha monospecific narrow endemic genus of Venezuela; Dasyanthina 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of SE Brazil and Paraguay; Dipterocypsela monospecific narrow endemic genus of Colombia; Echinocoryne 6 spp. narrow endemic genus of N+E+C Brazil; Eirmocephala 3 spp. neoendemic genus of Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, N Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia; Ekmania monospecific narrow endemic genus of Cuba; Elephantopus 14 spp. pantropical genus inc. 13 spp native to CAM, Greater Antilles (exc. Cayman), Leeward & Windward Is, Trinidad-Tobago, and tropical SAM S to N Argentina (exc. N Chile), including 9 narrow endemics of Brazil (7), Cuba (2), and 1 former USA endemic species now introduced in Colombia and Bolivia; Eremanthus 25 spp. SAM endemic genus of Bolivia and N+C+E Brazil; Gorceixia monospecific narrow endemic genus of E Brazil; Gymnanthemum 1 sp. pantropical genus native N+C+E Brazil, Bolivia; Harleya monospecific Mesoamerica endemic genus native Guatemala, Belize; Heterocoma 6 spp. narrow endemic genus of E+C Brazil; Heterocypsela 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of N+C+SE Brazil; Hololepis 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of SE Brazil; Huberopappus monospecific narrow endemic genus of Venezuela; Lachnorhiza 3 spp. Single-island endemic genus of Cuba but 1 sp. now intro Myanmar; Lepidaploa 156 spp. mostly neoendemic genus native to CAM, the Bahamas and Antilles, and tropical SAM S to Peru and N Argentina (exc. Uruguay); Lepidonia 4 spp. inc 3 endemics native to Guatemala (2) and Costa Rica (1), rest of genus is endemic to Mexico; Lessingianthus 145 spp. Neoendemic genus of Nicaragua, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina; Lychnophora 33 spp. narrow endemic genus of Brazil (exc. S); Lychnophorella 11 spp. narrow endemic genus of NE Brazil; Maschalostachys 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of E Brazil; Mattfeldanthus 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of E Brazil; Mesanthophora 2 spp. SAM endemic genus of Bolivia, Paraguay, and C+SE Brazil; Minasia 7 spp. narrow endemic genus of SE Brazil; Orthopappus monospecific Mexico and neoendemic native to CAM, Cuba, Jamaica, Leeward + Windward Is., Trinidad-Tobago, and tropical SAM S to Peru and N Argentina; Pacourina monospecific neoendemic genus native to CAM (exc. Belize) Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, NE Argentina, and N+C+SE Brazil; Paralychnophora 6 spp. narrow endemic genus of E Brazil; Piptocarpha 53 spp. Tropical Americas endemic native to CAM (exc. El Salvador), Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, and tropical SAM S to Peru, Bolivia, and NE Argentina (exc. Uruguay); Piptocoma 18 spp. neoendemic genus of Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, and N Brazil; Piptolepis 21 spp. narrow endemic genus of C+SE Brazil; Prestelia 3 spp. narrow endemic genus of SE Brazil; Proteopsis 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of E Brazil; Pseudelephantopus 2 spp. native to CAM, the Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, N+E Brazil, and NW Argentina; Pseudopiptocarpha 4 spp. N SAM endemic genus of Colombia and Venezuela; Quechualia 4 spp. SAM endemic genus of Peru, Bolivia, and N Argentina; Rolandra monospecific neoendemic to Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Peru, Bolivia, and N+E Brazil; Roquea monospecific narrow endemic genus of SE Brazil; Soaresia monospecific endemic of N+C+SE Brazil; Spiracantha monospecific N neoendemic genus native to CAM, Puerto Rico, Colombia, and Venezuela; Stenocephalum 1 sp. mostly SAM genus native to Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and NE Argentina; Stilpnopappus 21 spp. SAM endemic genus of Venezuela, Brazil, and Bolivia; Struchium monospecific former neoendemic native to CAM (exc. El Salvador), the Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil (exc. C); Telmatophila monospecific narrow endemic of NE Brazil; Trepadonia 2 spp. narrow endemic genus of Peru; Trichospira monospecific neoendemic genus native to CAM, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Peru, Bolivia, and N+NE+C Brazil; Vernonanthura 67 spp. mostly neoendemic native to CAM, Cuba, Hispaniola, and all of SAM exc. Chile; Vernonia 2-3 spp. native to N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, E+S+C Brazil; Vinicia monospecific narrow endemic of SE Brazil; Xiphochaeta monospecific N SAM endemic genus of Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Peru, and N+NE+C Brazil.

Neotropical Asteraceae: Wunderlichioideae Subfamily Genera:

Wunderlichioideae Subfamily: Chimantaea 9 spp. narrow endemic genus of Venezuela; Hyalis 2 spp. SAM endemic genus of Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina; Ianthopappus monospecific narrow endemic genus of NE Argentina, Uruguay, and S Brazil; Stenopadus 15 spp. N SAM endemic genus of Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru, and N Brazil; Stomatochaeta 6 spp. N SAM endemic genus of Venezuela, Guyana, and N Brazil; Wunderlichia 7 spp. N SAM endemic genus of Brazil (exc. S).

Patagonia Asteraceae Genera Include:

Patagonia Asteraceae: Asteroideae Subfamily Genera:

Asteroideae Subfamily: Anthemideae Tribe: Achillea 1 sp. introduced throughout the region, including the Falkland Is.; Anthemis 1 sp. intro to the Falkland Is.; Artemisia 1 sp. endemic to the region; Leptinella 2 spp. endemic to the Patagonia region and the Falkland Islands, but most of the genus is from New Zealand; Soliva 2? spp. native to the region; Tanacetum 1 sp. introduced throughout the region.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Astereae Tribe: Baccharis 35-40 spp. native throughout Patagonia and the Falkland Islands, including several endemics; Bellis 1 sp. intro to Falkland Is.; Chiliotrichum 3 spp. S SAM endemic genus native throughout Patagonia and Falkland Is., inc. 2 spp. endemic throughout Patagonia; Erigeron ~22 spp. cosmopolitan genus native throughout Patagonia inc. Falkland Is., and inc. several endemics; Grindelia 5-6 spp. native throughout Patagonia, including 2 endemics; Gutierrezia ~7 spp. Inc. 3? endemics native Patagonia; Haplopappus 10 spp. of W+S SAM endemic genus native throughout Patagonia, including 1-2 endemics;  Hysterionica 1 sp. C+S SAM endemic genus native to S Argentina; Katinasia monospecifc endemic of NW and S Argentina; Lagenophora 3 spp. Of mostly Australasia genus native endemic? to the Patagonia region and the Falkland Is.; Lepidophyllum monospecifc endemic of the Patagonia region; Nardophyllum 2 spp. Native to the Patagonia region of SAM; Noticastrum 4 spp. Native to the Patagonia region; Solidago 1 sp. native to the region; Symphyotrichum 4 spp. Native to the region including the Falkland Is. 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Athroismeae Tribe: Centipeda 1 sp. native throughout the region. 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Bahieae Tribe: Schkuhria 1 sp. native to S Argentina. 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Calenduleae Tribe: Calendula 1-2 spp. intro to Patagonia.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Coreopsideae Tribe: Thelesperma 1 sp. of mostly NAM-endemic genus with disjunct distribution found in NAM + SAM, including S Argentina 

Asteroideae Subfamily: Eupatorieae Tribe: Acanthostyles 1 sp. SAM endemic genus native to S Argentina; Austrobrickellia 1 sp. C+S SAM endemic genus native to S Argentina; Mikania 1 sp. Native to S Argentina; Raulinoreitzia 1 sp. SAM endemic genus native to S Argentina; Stevia 1 sp. native to S Argentina;    

Asteroideae Subfamily: Gnaphalieae Tribe: Achyrocline 2 spp. native to S Argentina; Anaphalis 1 sp. endemic to S-C Chile at the N end of this zone; Antennaria 1 sp. mostly N temperate genus native throughout Patagonia; Belloa 2 spp. SAM endemic genus native to Patagonia, inc 1 narrow endemic of S-C Chile (may extend into neo zone); Chevreulia 4 spp. former SAM endemic genus native throughout the region and Falkland Is., inc. 3 narrow endemics of Patagonia; Gamochaeta ~9 spp., inc. several endemics, native throughout Patagonia and the Falkland Is.; Gnaphalium ~10? spp., inc. several endemics of a cosmopolitan genus native throughout Patagonia and the Falkland Is.; Micropsis 1? sp. native to S Argentina; Pseudognaphalium 10 spp. native throughout the region, including 2 endemics, but introduced in the Falkland Is.; Psilocarphus 1 sp. of otherwise NAM genus disjunct native to S Argentina.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Helenieae Tribe: Gaillardia 1 sp. native to S Argentina; Helenium 1-2 spp. native to C+S Chile; Hymenoxys 1-2 spp. Native to S Argentina.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Heliantheae Tribe: Acmella 1 sp. native to S Argentina; Aldama 1 sp. native to S Argentina; Ambrosia 1 sp. native throughout the region; Austroflourensia 1 sp. SAM endemic genus of S Argentina; Eclipta 1 sp. native to C+S Chile, now intro cosmopolitan; Helianthus 1 sp. intro throughout the region; Parthenium 1 sp. native to S Argentina; Pascalia 1 sp. native to S Argentina; Verbesina 1 sp. native to S Argentina, also now intro subcosmopolitan; Wedelia 2 spp. native to S Argentina; Xanthium 2 spp. Inc. 1 endemic native to the region.  

Asteroideae Subfamily: Madieae Tribe: Lasthenia 1 sp. endemic to C+S Chile, S Argentina, most of genus endemic to W USA; Madia 1 sp. native to Patagonia, most of genus endemic to the W USA.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Millerieae Tribe: Galinsoga 1 sp. native to Patagonia; Sigesbeckia 1 sp. native to S Chile.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Senecioneae Tribe: Abrotanella 7 spp. of S Hemisphere genus endemic to Patagonia region, the Falklands, and the Juan Fernandez Is. and Patagonia, inc. 4 narrow endemics of S Chile (2), S Argentina (1), S Chile & Juan Fernandez Is (1); Acrisione 2 spp. Patagonia endemic genus of C+S Chile, S Argentina; Culcitium 6 spp. SAM endemic genus native throughout Patagonia, inc. 3 endemic throughout the region; Haplosticha 3 spp. endemic genus to the Patagonia region, inc. C+S Chile (1 endemic) and S Argentina; Iocenes monospecific endemic of the Patagonia region; Senecio ~150 spp. with about 50% endemic to the Patagonia region and the Falkland Is.; Werneria 1 sp. native to S Argentina.

Asteroideae Subfamily: Tageteae Tribe: Flaveria 1 sp. native to S Argentina; Tagetes 1 sp. native to S Argentina; Thymophylla 1 sp. disjunct native (mostly North America) of S Argentina.

Patagonia Asteraceae: Barnadesioideae Subfamily Genera:

Barnadesioideae Subfamily: Archidasyphyllum 2 spp. Patagonia endemic genus? native to C+S Chile, S Argentina, inc. 1 species endemic to C Chile (may extend into neo zone);  Chuquiraga ~8 spp. SAM endemic genus native to S Argentina; Doniophyton 2 spp. S SAM endemic genus native to C Chile and S Argentina; Duseniella monospecific narrow endemic of Argentina, including S. Argentina.   

Patagonia Asteraceae: Carduoideae Subfamily Genera:

Carduoideae Subfamily: Cardueae Tribe: Carthamus 4 spp. intro throughout Patagonia; Centaurea 1 sp. intro Falkland Is.; Cirsium 2 spp. intro to Patagonia and the Falkland Is.; Silybum 1 sp. intro throughout the region inc. Falkland Is.

Patagonia Asteraceae: Cichorioideae Subfamily Genera:

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Cichoriinae Subtribe: Cichorium 1 sp. intro to the region.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Crepidinae Subtribe: Taraxacum 4 spp. native, inc. 1 endemic, throughout the region and the Falkland Islands.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hieraciinae Subtribe: Hieracium 3 spp. native throughout the region and the Falkland Is., inc 1 endemic.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hyoseridinae Subtribe: Sonchus 1 sp. intro to the Falkland Is.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Hypochaeridinae Subtribe: Hypochaeris ~15 spp. native throughout the region and in the Falkland Is.; Leontodon 1 sp. intro to Falkland Is.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Lactucinae Subtribe: Lactuca 2 spp. intro to S Argentina.

Cichorioideae Subfamily: Cichorieae Tribe: Microseridinae Subtribe: Agoseris 1 sp. native to Patagonia and the Falkland Is.; Malacothrix 1 sp. disjunct native of S Argentina and C Chile, rest of the genus is W North America; Picrosia 1 sp. SAM endemic genus native to S Argentina.

Patagonia Asteraceae: Gochnatioideae Subfamily Genera:

Gochnatioideae Subfamily: Gochnatia 2 spp. mostly neondemic genus native to Patagonia; Cyclolepis monospecific SAM endemic genus native in S Argentina. 

Patagonia Asteraceae: Mutisioideae Subfamily Genera:

Mutisioideae Subfamily: Mutisieae Tribe: Adenocaulon 1 sp. endemic to Patagonia in C+S Chile and S Argentina, with the rest of the genus in the Americas and Asia; Brachyclados 3 spp. S SAM endemic genus native to C Chile and S Argentina (1 narrow endemic); Chaetanthera 7 spp. W SAM endemic genus native throughout Patagonia, inc. 3? narrow endemics; Eriachaenium monospecific Patagonian endemic of S Chile and S Argentina; Mutisia ~12 spp. SAM endemic genus native to the region, inc. 3-4 endemics; Pachylaena 1 sp. S SAM endemic genus of C Chile and S Argentina; Trichocline 23 spp. SAM endemic genus native to S Argentina.   

Mutisioideae Subfamily: Nassauvieae Tribe: Ameghinoa monospecific Argentina endemic of NW+S Argentina; Burkartia monospecific narrow endemic of S Argentina; Calorezia 2 spp. S SAM endemic genus native C+S Chile, S Argentina, inc. 1 endemic; Dolichlasium monospecific endemic of Argentina, inc S; Leucheria ~14 spp. inc. a few endemics native throughout the region inc. the Falklands; Macrachaenium monospecific narrow endemic of S Argentina; Nassauvia 15-20 spp. native throughout the region inc. Falklands, with high local endemism at high elevations; Perezia ~10 spp. SAM endemic? native throughout the region inc. the Falklands; Proustia 1 sp. SAM endemic genus endemic to C+S Chile; Triptilion 2 sp. Chile + NW Argentina endemic genus native to C+S Chile.

Patagonia Asteraceae: Vernonioideae Subfamily Genera:

Vernonioideae Subfamily: Vernonieae Tribe: Vernonanthura 1 sp. native to S Argentina. 

Patagonia Asteraceae: Wunderlichioideae Subfamily Genera:

Wunderlichioideae Subfamily: Hyalis 2 spp. SAM endemic genus native to S Patagonia.    

Additional Information and References

• Visit Lyrae’s Dictionary of Botanical Terms to learn the terminology of botanists. Note that if you hover over most of the words in the articles, you can also get definitions from them there.
• Willis, Lyrae (Unpublished). Plant Families of North America. This is where all of the family descriptions come from. Below should be most of my references for this, along with my own personal observations throughout North America.
• Canadensys: Acadia University, Université de Montréal Biodiversity Centre, University of Toronto Mississauga, University of British Columbia. http://data.canadensys.net/explorer (accessed 2020 – current)
• Cariaga, Kathleen & Pruski, John & Oviedo, Ramona & Anderberg, Arne & Lewis, Carl & Francisco-Ortega, Javier. (2008). Phylogeny and Systematic Position of Feddea (Asteraceae: Feddeeae): a Taxonomically Enigmatic and Critically Endangered Genus Endemic to Cuba. Systematic Botany. 33. 193-202. 10.1600/036364408783887348.
  Compositae Working Group (CWG) (2026). Global Compositae Database. Accessed at https://www.compositae.org/gcd on 2026-06-05. doi:10.14284/411 **This is the global authority on the Asteraceae family making it a good source.
• FNA 1993+. Flora of North America. https://floranorthamerica.org/Main_Page. Accessed 2022-current.
• GBIF.org (2020+), GBIF Home Page. Available from: https://www.gbif.org
• iNaturalist.org 2020+. https://www.inaturalist.org/. Accessed 2020-current.
• Kilian N (2024). Cichorieae Systematics Portal. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin. Checklist dataset: https://doi.org/10.15468/gzcrwf accessed via GBIF.org on 2026-06-30. APG defers to Compositae on the Asteraceae, but Compositae is not the most current on the Cichorieae tribe; for that, refer to this source.
• Mandel, J.R., Dikow, R.B., Siniscalchi, C.M., et al. (2019). A fully resolved backbone phylogeny reveals numerous dispersals and explosive diversifications throughout the history of Asteraceae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
• Naturalista: CONABIO http://www.naturalista.mx (Accessed 2020–2022).
• Neotropikey: Milliken, W., Klitgård, B., & Baracat, A. eds. 2009+. Neotropikey: Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics. www.kew.org/neotropikey.com (accessed 2020 – current).
• Patagonia Wildflowers: Wildflower Identification Site. https://patagoniawildflowers.org/ Accessed throughout the fall of 2020.
• POWO 2019+. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/. Accessed 2020-current. This is the site we defer to when recording numbers of Asteraceae species.
• Stevens, P. F. 2001+. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [more or less continuously updated since]. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/
• USDA, NRCS. 2020+. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 2 June 2020). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC, USA; Accessed 2020-present.
• Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. (1992). The Families of Flowering Plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 2nd May 2020. delta-intkey.com. Accessed spring through fall of 2020.
• WFO (2022+): World Flora Online. Published on the Internet: http://www.worldfloraonline.org. Accessed Spring 2022 – current

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You can cite this site as Willis, Lyrae (2020+). Lyrae’s Nature Blog – Plant Families of North America. https://lyraenatureblog.com/

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